Against the backdrop of the “dual-carbon” strategy and the emerging engineering education (New Engineering) initiative, the concepts of “artificial intelligence (AI)” and “green and low-carbon” development have been deeply integrated into the field of civil engineering, and the traditional teaching of “Composite Structures” course can no longer meet the demands of the transformative development of the civil engineering industry and the cultivation of versatile talents. This paper systematically discusses the key problems existing in the “Composite Structures” course and the necessity of reform. Based on “AI” technology and the “green, low?carbon” philosophy, the reform concepts and specific implementation paths are elaborated in detail, including curriculum system restructuring, teaching model innovation, assessment system optimization, and support system construction. Taking the “Composite Structures” course at Harbin Institute of Technology as an example, special topics on green materials and intelligent design are introduced, and teaching reform practices are carried out. The specific content of the curriculum reform is presented, and a preliminary evaluation of the reform effectiveness is provided. The results can serve as a reference for the teaching reform of similar courses.