In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping on postgraduate education, this paper proposes a three-dimensional postgraduate training model of “collaboration–autonomy–mobility–traction.” Research and practice on cultivating outstanding engineers for the water conservancy and hydropower industry are conducted at the level of training models. This model realizes the organic integration of characteristic-driven, demand-oriented, and ability-enhancement approaches, promotes the cultivation of innovative and application-oriented high-level talents, better meets the national economic and social development’s demand for high-level personnel, and provides solid talent support for building a modern socialist strong country.