The essence of innovation and entrepreneurship education is a quality education for students to lay a solid foundation for their lifelong sustainable development. Its basic characteristics are creativity and practicality. Evaluating the learning of students in civil engineering under the innovation and entrepreneurship education background is a crucial link in teaching. Innovation is the trait, entrepreneurship is the goal, and the teaching process should be to cultivate students' innovative thinking and entrepreneurship spirit based on serving the society. The connotation of innovation and entrepreneurship is expounded, and the requirements for students in civil engineering are put forward under the background of innovation and entrepreneurship. The importance of learning evaluation for students is analyzed, and the contents and methods of learning evaluation are discussed based on the actual situation of civil engineering. Establishing multidimensional evaluation method based on constructivist learning assessment, teaching test, performance evaluation, research-based learning assessment, informal assessment, self-assessment of students and mutual evaluation, not only helps to improve students' autonomy, cultivate students' critical thinking ability and innovative consciousness, but also cultivates students' ability of effective communication and cooperation.