The paper combines the methods of literature analysis and case study. It introduces and refines finding of research that apply DEA method to efficiency evaluations in different industries and organizations. Combined with the features of R&D activity and the development of DEA theory, DEA method are used in this paper to construct model for measure relative R&D input and output efficiency of countries. The method is explained and illustrated using countries as objects of study, and based on inputs and outputs index of R&D activity to assess the efficiency of countries.