Based on the panel data of China’s 29 regions during 1985-2008, this paper measures the agriculture efficiency and decomposes the total factor productivity by using the stochastic frontier production function. The analysis result is that general level of agriculture efficiency is low in China and still has a larger space for improving; discrepancy is evident in different period and different regions; total factor productivity and technology progress have improved but more moderate growth; technology progress is the main driving force of the growth of total factor productivity other than technical efficiency, there is not scale economies in agricultural.