Because of the majority of Chinese enterprises lack exchange rate risk management, fluctuations and uncertainty of exchange rate increases, more and more enterprises undertake the exchange rate risk. Thus, constructing scientific and reasonable emergency mechanism system of exchange rate risk has a realistic significance. The paper analyzes emergency mechanism system of enterprises exchange rate risk and sixteen affecting factors by using interpretative structural model. In the model, the construction of emergency mechanism system of enterprises exchange rate risk will be influenced by sixteen factors, these factors are classified into 5 grades, two direct factors and five fundamental factors are cleared. This paper attempts to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of mechanism system of exchange rate risk, and gives an effective path to emergency management practice