This article starts from the strategic application of social responsibility and political connections, discusses the relationship among social responsibility, political connections and the diversification strategy from Chinese publicly listed private enterprises. The empirical test results show that private enterprises establishing political connections can contribute to diversification, and conducting social responsibility helps the promotion of the diversification strategy; and those taking more social responsibility are easier to establish political connections. In the meanwhile, the more social responsibility private enterprises take, the stronger association between political connections and diversification for private enterprises is. This study provides a new empirical evidence for the understanding of political connections for private enterprises to the access of economic resources, and a new perspective for the conduct of social responsibility from private enterprises.