Based on the panel data of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) at provincial level from 2011 to 2016, this paper makes assessment on the industrial green efficiency and innovative efficiency and their synergetic effect by SBM Model and Coupling Coordinating Model under the theoretical framework of green and innovative development. The results suggest three conclusions. Firstly, the capacity of YREB's industrial green production strengthens steadily, the distribution of the upper, middle and lower reaches' green efficiency presents an incremental gradient pattern, and the 11 provinces' green efficiency rank in the middle level of the whole country. Secondly, the kinetic energy of YREB's industrial innovative development ascends in a V-shaped trend, and the level of the 11 province's innovative efficiency is better than the country's overall level. Thirdly, the synergistic effect of YREB's industrial green development and innovative development is obvious, technical innovation is the main power driving the YREB's coordinating development. To push forward YREB's industrial green and innovative development, it is necessary to build more green open innovation platform, intensify research of green technological innovation, accelerate the process of the transformation of green innovation results into market value, give full play to each district's advantages in industrial green innovation and establish multi-ecological compensation mechanism.