It is necessary to strengthen the think tank governance to build up new think tanks with Chinese characteristics. This paper puts forward a governance structure of think tank and its influencing factors based on inside and outside governance of think tanks. Think tank governance comprises the governance over the products, a single think tank and competitions of think tanks. These three types of think tank governance intensify and affect mutually. The fundamental factor of think tank governance lies in think tank products' policy-oriented, imperfect, imprecisely measured nature, and the conditional factors include the backward build-up of think tank industry, the lack of human resources of think tanks. It suggests that the governance should start from both inside and outside the think tanks, centering around the build-up, improvement of the appraisal system of think tank products and think tank, to build a impartial open diversified mechanism of market competition and need, to clarify the right, responsibility, obligations, and punishment of think tanks and think tank staff according to the laws and policies, and to take diversified, comprehensive measures to cultivate professional talents of think tanks. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the governance over think tanks, think tank industry and market should be strengthened to really fulfill the new tasks and new requirements which Chinese think tanks are endowed with by the development blue print, and to really, strongly promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity.