Does "Xia Dynasty" exist? At present, the academic circles have completely different views on the existence of the "Xia Dynasty". These disputes not only originate from scholars' different perceptions of the explanatory power of "historical materials"; they also originate from the disciplinary roots of history, that is, the purpose of history is to understand and explain the past, thereby affecting the future. Understanding and explaining the past not only has a strong subjectivity and purpose, but because history is not a science and cannot be a science, it leads to multiple ways and methods of understanding and interpretation of the past. Therefore, whether the "Xia Dynasty" has been existed is not a question of historical facts or historical materials, but a question of epistemology. These uncertainties in historical research are not the shortcomings of history research, but the charm of history research.