The ecological management of the Yangtze River Economic Belt involves the interests of many regions, and the independence of either side cannot solve the problem, so it is the only way to carry out cooperative management. Policy difference is an objective phenomenon, and it is necessary for synergistic effect of environmental governance to collating the policy difference among governments. This paper has gathered policy contexts of central governments,9 provinces and 2 cities. By policy quantitative analysis and content analysis of policy context's external and internal characteristics, the paper has explored the difference on the policymaking time, policy makers and policy tools between the central and local governments, furthermore, discussed the reality of environmental governance of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The research finds that there exists a small difference between central government and local government, but a large difference among local governments, on the response speed of policymaking, policy makers and policy tools. This kind of policy difference is related to the position of the central government, the resource endowment of various regions, the seriousness of the local ecological problems, the governance ability of the local government, and so on. Therefore, policymakers should not only formulate differentiated strategies and measures based on specific situations, but also carry out ecological governance using the construction of regional policy coordination mechanism.