This paper takes the matching problem of 22 disciplines in the ESI system and 108 first-class disciplines in Chinese "double first-class" construction as the research object, according to the principles of taxonomy, and using the discipline map and other methods to creatively correspond to the two, and tries to open up the evaluation gap between the Chinese and foreign evaluation systems due to the mismatch of discipline classification. It first discusses the urgent need and important significance of international assessment of disciplines for "double first-class" construction. Secondly, it clearly points out the three characteristics and shortcomings of ESI discipline classification, that is, the classification of papers is based on journals, while the discipline classification focuses on natural sciences; the discipline settings are different and the classification is not perfect; the setting of university disciplines is not conducive to professional institutions and department evaluation. Then, the research focuses on the matching methods of ESI discipline classification and Chinese first-class discipline categories, including matching paths, matching methods, etc. In addition to using discipline map matching, it also innovatively uses the four indicators of journal distribution, paper distribution, Chinese paper distribution, and Chinese first author paper distribution for final matching. Finally, the matching results are analyzed in detail, and three regular conclusions are drawn:(1) Most of the first-class disciplines can be matched with a major ESI discipline that has absolute advantages; (2) The tendency of Chinese scholars to publish paper determines the secondary ESI corresponding discipline; (3) The matching of "self-defined" first-class disciplines overlaps with some disciplines. The research results of this paper basically solve the "bottleneck" problem in Chinese world-class discipline evaluation, and provide important support for the construction of a world-class discipline evaluation system combining domestic standards with international standards.