Everything is neat and tidy and "ecological livable" are important parts of rural revitalization. At present, there is a gap between the public environmental sanitation condition in rural areas and the requirements of new socialist countryside. China's rural public environmental sanitation governance has experienced three stages:"spontaneous governance model", "interventional governance model" and "outsourcing governance model". The "interventional governance model" and "outsourcing governance model" are not the optimal governance model, and their own defects may lead to the non-sustainability of rural public environmental sanitation governance. The "three-in-one integration" of rule by autonomy, rule by law, and rule by virtue is an inevitable choice for rural public environmental sanitation governance. Rural public environmental sanitation governance autonomy has institutional dependence and technology dependence, and should be constructed with the autonomous management system and rural environmental protection technology development as a breakthrough. Autonomy should focus on the principle of "measuring strength" and cannot exclude market behavior and social participation. The rural public environmental sanitation governance rule of law system should be based on the improvement of the system, change the legislative situation of urban and rural divides, introduce the implementation system that is compatible with China's legal provisions, introduce artificial intelligence, geographic information and remote monitoring technology, and innovate ecological environmental protection supervision ways and patterns. The function of the rule of virtue in rural public environmental sanitation governance should be realized through two-way incentive education, rural population structure optimization, and rectification of township regulations.