企业人合性的法律因应:被动尊重而非主动强化
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D922.291.91

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2018年国家社会科学基金项目"人工智能时代责任保险公共职能的理论再构建研究"(18XFX009);2020年中国博士后科学基金第68批面上资助项目"上市公司治理监管中自律性规范的适用研究"(2020M682647)


The legal response to enterprise person compatibility: Passive respect rather than active reinforcement
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    摘要:

    本文主要关注企业人合性与企业法律制度建构之间的理性关系。企业人合性是基于组织成员之间信任与合作等特殊关系而产生,同时关涉组织运行状态的一种隐性制度安排。作为组织契约所关注的要素,人合性本质是不涉及社会公共利益、第三人利益及交易弱者权益保护的契约性问题,在调整方式上无需法律强制介入或干预。在表征人合性的投资份额转让、经营表决机制、组织成员人数限制等方面,法律强制介入表现出渐趋消减的趋势。因此,相较于通过法律强制增强人合性而言,尊重组织成员基于商业逻辑而对人合性进行的契约设计应是理性选择。立法过度强化人合性以及司法在处理此类问题的教条化倾向,不仅不当干预了商事主体的交易自治,而且严重偏离了商事交易需求。在《公司法》的新一轮修改过程中,建议通过立法或者司法的路径弱化甚至删除投资份额对外转让的刚性限制规则,适当容忍有限公司股东人数超限问题,在坚持多数决的前提下容忍引入股东会一致决、股份公司限制股份转让等公司章程条款之效力。

    Abstract:

    This paper focuses on the rational relationship between enterprise person compatibility and the construction of corporate legal systems. The enterprise person compatibility is a recessive institutional arrangement being based on special relationships such as trust and cooperation among the members of the organization, which is related to the operation of the organization. As an element of concern for organizational contract, the enterprise person compatibility is a contractual issue that does not involve in public interests, the interests of the third party and the protection of the rights and interests of the weak, and without compulsory legal intervention. In terms of the investment share transfer, the operation voting mechanism, the limit to number of members of the organization and so on, the legal compulsory intervention shows a decreasing trend. It is supposed to be the rational choice of the law to passively respect the contract design for person compatibility of the organization members based on business logic. Excessive strengthening of enterprise person compatibility in legislation and judicial dogmatism in dealing with such issues not only improperly interfere with the autonomy of commercial transactions, but also seriously deviate from the specific needs of commercial transactions. During the new round of amendments to the Company Law, it is suggested to hold the modest ground of legislation, and even to delete the strict restriction rules of investment share transfer. Proper tolerance to the upmost limitations of members in limited liability companies and to introduce articles involving shareholder’s unanimous decision principle and restriction of investment share transfer in the articles of association is recommended.

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曹兴权,卢迎.企业人合性的法律因应:被动尊重而非主动强化[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2021,27(6):177-190. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. fx.2020.03.001

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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-12-20
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