Promoting the high-quality development of energy cooperation in "the Belt and Road" is a basic requirement for high-quality joint construction of "the Belt and Road". The core of promoting the high-quality development of energy cooperation in "the Belt and Road" is to continuously deepen and improve the practice of energy cooperation in "the Belt and Road", and to construct an innovative, leading and universal theoretical system of energy cooperation in "the Belt and Road",so as to transform the concept of global energy governance. Based on the deficiency of the theoretical system of the right to development and the difficulties encountered in practice, this article focuses on the exploitation of the practical value of the right to development, and solves the practical dilemma of the right to development. Based on the relationship between energy and the right to development, this paper innovatively proposes and defines the concept of the right to energy development, preliminarily constructs the concept system of the right to energy development, analyzes the practical significance of the right to energy development in the current energy cooperation, and points out the positive role of the right to energy development in reforming the current energy governance order and promoting the energy cooperation. On this basis, the article examines the status quo and opportunities of energy cooperation in "the Belt and Road" from the perspective of energy development rights, and believes that the realization of collective energy development rights and individual energy development rights in the current "the Belt and Road" construction is in an imbalanced state, in particular, it is found that there is much room for improvement in the realization of individual energy development right. At the same time, combined with the analysis of some characteristics of the current energy transition process, it is found that collective energy development rights and individual energy development rights are in the great differentiation and transformation,which is manifested in the fact that the realization of collective energy development rights will be slow in the future,while the realization of the individual development right has all kinds of favorable conditions. Based on the above analysis, the article proposes that the direction to promote the high-quality development of energy cooperation in "the Belt and Road" is to promote the collective energy development right toward reciprocity, mutual benefit and universal benefit, and the practice of promoting individual development rights can be put into action. The cooperative ways to promote the development of collective energy development right are: first, to break through old cooperative ideas and promote the construction of a new energy cooperation order; second, while promoting the realization of collective energy development rights of projects, pipelines and major energy bases, the creation of conditions and opportunities for the realization of individual energy development rights should also be taken into account; third, to explore new ways to realize collective energy development rights and promote the practice of new energy cooperation under "the Belt and Road" initiative. The way to promote the right to individual energy development lies in the following: first, we need to enhance mutual learning of experiences in improving people’s livelihood through energy development. On the one hand, the concept of individual right to energy development should be popularized so as to guarantee and improve people’s right to subsistence in countries along the route. On the other hand, it is necessary to expand the ideas and paths for realizing individual energy development rights, especially to strengthen mutual learning of photovoltaic poverty alleviation experience. The second is to increase the learning and exchange of new energy technologies, create conditions for the realization of individual energy development rights, and guarantee the realization of individual energy development right in terms of thinking, technology and system.