高速铁路与城市环境污染——基于中国285个城市面板数据的分析
作者:
中图分类号:

F061.5;F124.3;X196

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年项目"新型基础设施建设对绿色创新的影响机制与实证研究"(72203027);国家社会科学基金重大项目"习近平总书记关于扶贫工作的重要论述的理论和实证基础及精准扶贫效果研究"(18ZDA005);国家自然科学基金项目"高铁对中国区域经济增长及趋同的影响研究"(71673033);国家自然科学基金项目"基于环境效用异质性的收入分配对雾霾污染的影响机制与治理研究"(71973019);教育部中央高校科研建设项目(2020CDJSK02ZH02,2020CDJSK02PT26, 2021CDSKXYJG007)


High-speed rail and urban environmental pollution: Analysis based on the panel data of 285 cities in China
Author:
  • 摘要
  • | |
  • 访问统计
  • |
  • 参考文献 [35]
  • |
  • 相似文献 [20]
  • | | |
  • 文章评论
    摘要:

    在中国城市化和工业化进程中,环境污染一直是最受关注的问题之一。习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中强调要聚焦蓝天保卫战等重点任务,持续推进污染防治,加强生态系统保护修复,壮大绿色环保产业,大力推动绿色发展,使生态环境质量继续得到改善。相比中国城市内部交通污染物带来严重的"城市病"问题,以电力驱动的高速铁路列车是最符合可持续性发展的绿色交通基础设施之一。文章通过构建新的高铁与环境污染关系的理论分析框架,利用广义空间二段最小二乘法及2010—2018年全国285个城市的面板数据对两者之间的关系进行实证分析。不仅系统地分析了高铁是否对空气污染、单位GDP工业氮氧化物排放量及单位GDP工业废水排放量产生重大影响,还分析了这种影响发生的传导机制。实证结果显示:我国城市环境污染存在显著的空间溢出效应,意味着环境污染治理要遵循区域联防联控的策略;高铁对环境污染有明显的抑制作用,相对于没有高铁的城市,高铁连通城市PM2.5年均浓度、单位GDP工业氮氧化物排放量及单位GDP工业废水排放量分别降低1.5%、11.4%和12%;东部和西部地区高铁对环境污染的抑制作用显著,非中心城市高铁对环境污染的影响大于中心城市,表明高铁网络能够在一定程度上缩小城市生态效率不平衡,有助于环境协调发展;高铁通过显著提高中国城市全要素生产率,进而抑制环境污染。文章的研究为实现高铁发展对城市环境污染的抑制作用提供了理论借鉴,为建设和发展高铁经济提供了以下政策参考:中国高铁是改变城市空间地理格局的重要基础设施,环境污染存在显著的空间溢出效应,因此从城市的空间地理视角思考环境污染的区域联防联控策略,特别是考虑在学术探讨和政策实践中均较少讨论的高铁网络布局对环境污染的作用具有重要的理论和实践价值;高铁开通对抑制城市环境污染的作用具有异质性,进一步在中西部地区和非中心城市推进新型交通基础设施建设,促进城际运输网络现代化和效率提升,不仅有助于当地经济发展,同时也有利于保护生态环境。

    Abstract:

    In the process of urbanization and industrialization in China, environmental pollution has always been one of the most concerned issues. In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we should focus on key tasks such as the defense of the blue sky, continue to promote pollution prevention and control, strengthen the protection and restoration of ecosystems, expand green environmental protection industries, vigorously promote green development, and continue to improve the quality of the ecological environment. Compared with the serious "urban disease" caused by traffic pollutants in Chinese cities, high-speed rail (HSR) is one of the most sustainable green transportation infrastructures. This paper studies the impact of HSR on the environmental pollution and its mechanism by employing a spatial econometric model and an intermediary effect model with the panel data of 285 cities in 2010-2018. The empirical results show that: 1) The urban environmental pollution in China has significant spatial spillover effects, which means that environmental pollution control should follow the strategy of regional joint prevention and control. 2) HSR can reduce environmental pollution. Compared with cities without HSR, the annual average PM2.5 concentration, nitrogen oxide emissions per unit of GDP, and industrial wastewater discharge per unit of GDP in HSR cities are reduced by 1.5%, 11.4%, and 12%, respectively. 3) HSR’s reduction effect on the environmental pollution is significant in the eastern and western regions, while that in non-central cities is greater than in central cities, indicating that HSR network can reduce the imbalance of urban ecological efficiency to a certain extent and contribute to the coordinated development of the environment. 4) HSR reduce the environmental pollution by increasing the total factor productivity. This paper provides a theoretical reference for realizing the inhibitory effect of HSR on urban environmental pollution, and provides the following policy references for the construction and development of HSR: 1) China’s high-speed rail is an important infrastructure that changes the spatial and geographical pattern of cities, and environmental pollution has significant spatial spillover effects. Therefore, the regional joint prevention and control strategies for environmental pollution should be considered from the perspective of urban spatial geography, especially considering academic discussions and policies. The effect of HSR network layout on environmental pollution, which is rarely discussed in practice, has important theoretical and practical value. 2) The opening of high-speed rail has a heterogeneous effect on restraining urban environmental pollution. Further promoting the construction of new transportation infrastructure in the central and western regions and non-central cities, and promoting the modernization and efficiency improvement of the intercity transportation network, will not only help the local economic development, but also be conducive to the protection of the ecological environment.

    参考文献
    [1] 孙传旺,罗源,姚昕.交通基础设施与城市空气污染:来自中国的经验证据[J].经济研究,2019(8):136-151.
    [2] YAO S J,ZHANG F,WANG F,et al.High-speed rail and urban economic growth in China after the global financial crisis[J].China & World Economy,2019,27(2):44-65.
    [3] GIVONI M.Environmental benefits from mode substitution:Comparison of the environmental impact from aircraft and high-speed train operations[J].International Journal of Sustainable Transportation,2007,1(4):209-230.
    [4] ZHANG F,WANG F,OU J H,et al.Role of high-speed rail on social fixed assets investments in China[J].Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies,2019,17(3):221-244.
    [5] WALSH M.Can China control the side effects of motor vehicle growth?[J].Natural Resources Forum,2007,31(1):21-34.
    [6] FU L,HAO J,HE D,et al.Assessment of vehicular pollution in China[J].Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,2001,51(5):658-668.
    [7] FU S H,GU Y Z.Highway toll and air pollution:Evidence from Chinese cities[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2017,83:32-49.
    [8] MOHRING H.Optimization and scale economics in urban bus transportation[J].American Economic Review,1972,62(4):591-604.
    [9] LI S J,LIU Y Y,PUREVJAV A O,et al.Does subway expansion improve air quality?[J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2019,96:213-235.
    [10] 梁若冰,席鹏辉.轨道交通对空气污染的异质性影响:基于RDID方法的经验研究[J].中国工业经济,2016(3):83-98.
    [11] DOBRUSZKES F.High-speed rail and air transport competition in Western Europe:A supply-oriented perspective[J].Transport Policy,2011,18(6):870-879.
    [12] SONG M L,ZHANG G J,ZENG W X,et al.Railway transportation and environmental efficiency in China[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,2016,48:488-498.
    [13] YANG X H,LIN S L,LI Y,et al.Can high-speed rail reduce environmental pollution?Evidence from China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2019,239:118135.
    [14] 秦志龙,陈晓光.高铁开通改善了沿线城市的空气质量吗:基于断点回归设计的分析[J].环境经济研究,2020(2):76-94.
    [15] ZHANG F,WANG F,YAO S J.High-speed rail accessibility and haze pollution in China:A spatial econometrics perspective[J].Transportation Research Part D:Transport and Environment,2021,94:102802.
    [16] 张明志,余东华,孙婷.高铁开通对城市生产体系绿色重构的影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2019(7):41-49.
    [17] 祝树金,尹诗姝,钟腾龙.高铁开通抑制了城市环境污染吗?[J].华东经济管理,2019(3):52-57.
    [18] 范小敏,徐盈之.交通基础设施建设是否具有减排效应:来自中国高铁开通的证据[J].山西财经大学学报,2020(8):56-70.
    [19] 张华,冯烽.绿色高铁:高铁开通能降低雾霾污染吗?[J].经济学报,2019(3):114-147.
    [20] 张永庆,张金月.长江经济带高铁开通对环境污染的影响研究[J].当代经济管理,2019(10):54-61.
    [21] 孙学涛,张广胜.高铁开通、环境污染与城市经济发展[J].软科学,2021(6):103-108.
    [22] KRUGMAN P.Scaleeconomies,productdifferentiation,and the pattern of trade[J].American EconomicReview,1980,70:950-959.
    [23] 龙玉,赵海龙,张新德,等.时空压缩下的风险投资:高铁通车与风险投资区域变化[J].经济研究,2017(4):195-208.
    [24] 刘秉镰,武鹏,刘玉海.交通基础设施与中国全要素生产率增长:基于省域数据的空间面板计量分析[J].中国工业经济,2010(3):54-64.
    [25] 施震凯,邵军,浦正宁.交通基础设施改善与生产率增长:来自铁路大提速的证据[J].世界经济,2018(6):127-151.
    [26] 孙广召,黄凯南.高铁开通对全要素生产率增长率的异质性影响分析[J].财经研究,2019(5):84-98.
    [27] 张梦婷,俞峰,钟昌标,等.高铁网络、市场准入与企业生产率[J].中国工业经济,2018(5):137-156.
    [28] 黄菁.环境污染与工业结构:基于Divisia指数分解法的研究[J].统计研究,2009(12):68-73.
    [29] 李国璋,江金荣,周彩云.转型时期的中国环境污染影响因素分析:基于全要素能源效率视角[J].山西财经大学学报,2009(12):32-39.
    [30] 于峰,齐建国,田晓林.经济发展对环境质量影响的实证分析:基于1999—2004年间各省市的面板数据[J].中国工业经济,2006(8):36-44.
    [31] 涂正革.环境、资源与工业增长的协调性[J].经济研究,2008(2):93-105.
    [32] 王玉红,张林,曹亚丽,等.高速铁路建设的环境影响分析及环保策略建议:以沪宁城际铁路为例[J].环境科学与管理,2016(6):179-183.
    [33] BARON R M,KENNY D A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51(6):1173-1182.
    [34] TONE K.A slacks-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2001,130(3):498-509.
    [35] 张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952—2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44.
    引证文献
    网友评论
    网友评论
    分享到微博
    发 布
引用本文

张帆,姚树洁,汪锋.高速铁路与城市环境污染——基于中国285个城市面板数据的分析[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2023,29(1):24-37. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. jg.2022.09.001

复制
分享
文章指标
  • 点击次数:1346
  • 下载次数: 1075
  • HTML阅读次数: 1096
  • 引用次数: 0
历史
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-02-28
文章二维码