As the most active factor in production relations, talents play a more important role in promoting social development and progress than energy, capital and other factors, and become the most creative strategic resources. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that "talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary driver of growth. We will fully implement the strategy for invigorating China through science and education, the workforce development strategy, and the innovation-driven development strategy. We will open up new areas and new arenas in development and steadily foster new growth drivers and new strengths". Its strategic orientation is directly aimed at high-quality development, rejuvenation of the country and building a world power. Talents are the foundation of innovation, and innovation driven development is essentially talent driven. However, from the current situation of innovation driven development in China, we are mainly facing a series of development problems, such as the relatively low proportion of high-level talents, the unbalanced development of regional talents, and the lack of innovative vitality of talents. To a certain extent, this restricts the construction of a talent-strong country and the great rejuvenation process. To solve these historical problems, we need to find answers in talent development and governance. As China as a whole enters a new stage of development, urban agglomerations represented by the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Chengdu-Chongqing region and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, as the key engine of regional integration development and the main carrier of talent innovation and agglomeration, play an important role in high-quality economic and social development. After several rounds of fierce competition for talent, talent competition in regional urban agglomerations has gradually evolved from a simple competition in quantity and scale to a comprehensive competition in talent value creation level and talent ecosystem. Therefore, evaluating the effectiveness of talent ecosystem construction is of great significance for promoting the optimization and upgrading of regional urban agglomeration industrial structure and the integrated development of regional talents. In view of the deficiency that existing studies mostly focus on building objective indicator systems from a macro perspective, ignoring the subjective feelings of talents, which leads to biased empirical results, this paper takes Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration as the research object, constructs a subjective and objective indicator evaluation system of regional urban agglomeration talent ecosystem under the Chinese scenario, and uses K-means clustering and grey correlation degree to compare and analyze the change laws and correlation degree of indicators. The research finds that the talent ecosystem of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration has gone through three stages of development: starting improvement, rapid improvement and key adjustment. Among them, the contribution coefficient of policy environment to talent ecosystem is the highest, the improvement of the economic environment is the most obvious, and the living environment shows a significant downward trend. From the perspective of regional development, there are obvious differences in the development of talent ecosystem within Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, and the radiation and driving ability of central cities and the functional role of regional cities need to be further strengthened. Therefore, Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration can promote the high-quality development of talents from the following three aspects: first, the new driving force of economic development should be strengthened to attract talents through multiple channels; second, the people-oriented talent value concept should be implemented to create a talent ecosystem that is close and pleasant; third, the development of human resources service industry should be accelerated to build an efficient and high-quality talent ecosystem.