在王府与卫所之间:明代晋府群牧所的设立及其运作
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K248

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国家社会科学基金重点项目"明清华北乡村经济研究及清华馆藏民间文书数据库建设"(18AZS002)


Between the Prince’s Mansion and the Weisuo System: The Establishment and Operation of Prince Jin’s Qunmusuo in the Ming Dynasty
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    摘要:

    群牧所是明代亲王府的军事组织之一,以千户所为编制,又称"群牧千户所"。群牧所同时隶属于王府系统和都司卫所系统,参与到孳牧、屯田、供给柴炭、守御王城等多项事务中,对于理解明代军事制度与宗藩问题有非常重要的意义。然而,以往对明代王府军事组织的研究主要集中于王府护卫,鲜有学者关注群牧所。明代前期,晋王府设立了晋府群牧所。永乐二十一年,明廷从晋藩的太原三护卫中拨出一个千户所的官军随侍平阳王朱美圭就藩,其中不少官军来到晋西南的平阳府蒲州临晋县开展屯田、牧养马匹。宣德二年,明廷将晋王朱济熿废为庶人,革去了太原三护卫、晋府群牧所和晋府仪卫司。一年后,随侍平阳王朱美圭的晋藩护卫官军被就近调入平阳卫安置,成立了平阳卫中左所。宣德十年,明廷将朱美圭封为晋王后,复设了晋府群牧所。复设后的晋府群牧所,很大程度上由此前随侍朱美圭的官军组成,这些官军先后经历了从晋王府调入平阳卫,又从平阳卫调回晋王府的调拨过程,并有许多官军继承了护卫军时的屯田和牧马地,继续留在了晋西南。晋府群牧所署位于晋王府的王城内,晋府群牧所正千户一般居于王城。此外,至少有三名晋府群牧所副千户负责管理地方上的屯庄,其中的两名副千户率军在晋西南开展屯田、牧养马匹。考察晋府群牧所的设立与运作,不仅能够有力地推进对明代群牧所的研究,深化对明代王府内部军事制度的认识,而且有助于重新审视王府军事组织与一般卫所之间的调拨与转换关系,进而更加完整地理解明代的军事管理体制。

    Abstract:

    Qunmusuo was one of the military organizations of the Prince’s Mansion in the Ming Dynasty, organized by Qianhusuo,also named "Qunmu Qianhusuo".Qunmusuo belongs to both the Prince’s mansion and the Dusi Weisuo system. It was involved in many affairs, such as breeding livestock, cultivating military colonyl and, supplying firewood and charcoal, and guarding the Prince’s mansion, which is very important to understanding the military system and seignior issues in the Ming Dynasty. However, in the past, research on the military organization of seigniors in the Ming Dynasty focused on the Wangfu Huwei, and only afew scholars paid attention to the Qunmusuo. In the early Ming Dynasty,Prince Jin’s mansion established Jinfu Qunmusuo. In the 21st year of Yongle, the Ming government allocated a thousand troops from the three guards in Taiyuan to serve Zhu Meigui, King of Pingyang. Many of them come to Linjin County, Puzhou, Pingyang Prefecture, southwest of Shanxi Province, to cultivate militarycolony land and herd horses. In the second year of Xuande, the Ming government abolished Zhu Jixuan, King of Jin, and three Taiyuan Huwei, Jinfu Qunmusuo, and Jinfu Yiweisi. A year later, soldiers accompanying Zhu Meigui were transferred to the nearby Pingyang Guard and established the Pingyang Guard’s Zhongyousuo. In the tenth year of Xuande, Zhu Meigui, King of Pingyang, was granted the title of King of Jin. The Ming court reset Jinfu Qunmusuo. This Jinfu Qunmusuo is mostly composed of troops who previously served Zhu Meigui. These officers and soldiers successively went through the process of transferring from Prince Jin’s mansion to Pingyang Wei and from Pingyang Wei back to PrinceJin’s mansion. They inherited garrison land and horse ranching land and continued to stay in southwestern Shanxi. The office of Jinfu Qunmusuo located at the King City of Jin, the military officer who served as Zhengqianhu were not allowed to leave King City. In addition, at least three Fuqianhuwas responsible for managing the military colony land, and two of them led the army to cultivate military colony land and herd horses in southwestern Shanxi. Research on the establishment and operation of the Jinfu Qunmusuo can not only effectively promote the study of Qunmusuo and deepen the understanding of the military system within the Ming government but also help to rethink the transfer and transformation relationship between the military organizations of the Prince’s mansion and General Weisuo and thus more fully understand the military management system of the Ming dynasty.

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毛悦.在王府与卫所之间:明代晋府群牧所的设立及其运作[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2023,(1):177-187. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. rw.2022.12.003

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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-02-28
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