近代中国茶叶对外贸易兴盛的社会影响
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K252

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国家社会科学基金重大项目" '一带一路’视野下的西南茶马古道文献资料整理与遗产保护研究"(20&ZD229)


The social influence of the prosperity of tea trade in modern China
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    摘要:

    鸦片战争后,受国外市场需求强力刺激及茶价高昂影响,中国茶叶对外贸易迅速发展。至1888年,中国茶叶对外贸易迎来了全盛时期。茶叶对外贸易兴盛产生了广泛深刻社会影响,主要表现为三大方面:一是茶叶在对外贸易中的地位不容忽视。19世纪60年代前,中国茶叶出口地主要集中在南方的广州、上海、福州,北方茶叶输出地点为恰克图。这些地区的茶叶输出有了很大增长。19世纪60年代至80年代中期,中国茶业虽受到外国茶冲击,但中国茶叶外销总量继续保持增长。随着茶叶出口数量迅速增加,茶叶出口价值维持在高位运行,茶叶出口比重平均占据外贸半壁江山。二是茶叶对外贸易兴盛推动相关产业发展。茶叶对外贸易的兴盛推动了植茶业的迅速发展。外销茶区呈现一派繁荣,新茶区不断涌现,老茶区扩大生产,植茶面积迅速扩大,各类茶均有较大发展,尤以红茶最为典型。茶叶对外贸易的兴盛活跃了资本金融业。茶叶大量出口对茶税征收带来促进作用,同时又活跃了茶区金融,推动了资本流动。茶叶对外贸易兴盛促进了相关行业发展。茶叶从采、制、销均涉及不少行业,它们都得益于茶叶对外贸易的兴盛。三是茶叶对外贸易兴盛促使茶区面貌发生变化。茶叶对外贸易兴盛影响了农村种植结构。适宜植茶的地区废林开荒,粮食作物、经济作物让位于茶叶种植。茶叶对外贸易兴盛增加了就业机会。依茶为生,靠茶生活,因茶获益的人员增多。茶叶对外贸易兴盛对人们的思想观念产生深刻影响。人们对种植粮食、环境保护、经商态度发生相应变化。

    Abstract:

    After the Opium War, China’s tea foreign trade developed rapidly because of the strong stimulation of foreign market demand and the high price of tea. To 1888, China’s tea foreign trade ushered in the heyday. The prosperity of tea foreign trade has produced a wide range of profound social impact, mainly manifested in three aspects: first, the status of tea in foreign trade cannot be ignored. Before the 1860s, the south of China’s tea exports were mainly concentrated in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Fuzhou, the north location of the tea export was Chakotu. There has been a big increase in tea output from these regions. From 1860s to the mid-1880s, China’s tea industry was impacted by foreign tea, but China’s total tea export continued to increase. With the rapid increase in the number of tea exports, the value of tea exports maintained a high level of operation, the average proportion of tea exports accounted for half of the country’s foreign trade. Second, tea foreign trade promoted the development of related industries. The prosperity of tea foreign trade has promoted the rapid development of tea planting industry. Export-oriented tea area was booming, new tea areas continued to emerge, the old tea area production expanded, all types of tea had greater development, especially black tea was the most typical. The prosperity of tea foreign trade enlivened the capital finance industry. A large number of tea exports promoted the collection of tea tax, but also promoted the capital flow. Foreign trade in tea promoted the development of related industries. From tea collection, production, marketing, many industries were involved in, they were benefiting from the prosperity of tea foreign trade. Third, the prosperity of tea foreign trade promoted the appearance changes of tea area. The prosperity of tea foreign trade has affected the planting structure in rural areas. In areas suitable for tea cultivation, food crops and cash crop had given way to tea cultivation. The booming foreign trade in tea has increased employment opportunities. The prosperity of tea foreign trade has a profound impact on people’s ideas. People’s attitudes towards growing food, environmental protection and doing business have changed accordingly.

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陶德臣.近代中国茶叶对外贸易兴盛的社会影响[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2023,29(1):188-200. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. rw.2022.12.002

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