The Yangtze River Economic Belt spans the east, middle and west of China, which is a typical spatial heterogeneous area. There are significant differences in infrastructure, resource endowment, economic development and technical level among provinces and cities in the region, and the level of logistics competitiveness is extremely uneven. This has led to more obvious problems such as low logistics operation efficiency, weak service capacity and difficult transformation and upgrading in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, which has seriously hindered the overall improvement of logistics competitiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. This paper scientifically measures the logistics competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, comprehensively understands the spatial pattern evolution of logistics competitiveness, and deeply reveals its influencing factors and spatial spillover effect, which is of great significance for exploring the path to improve the logistics competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and promoting the coordinated development of regional logistics. In view of this background, based on the "Diamond Model", this paper constructs the evaluation index system of logistics competitiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from four aspects of production factors, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, enterprise strategy, structure and industry competition, combined with the characteristics of the logistics industry. The Entropy Weight TOPSIS method is used to measure the logistics competitiveness of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2018.On this basis, this paper uses the exploratory spatial data analysis method to investigate the spatial evolution characteristics of the logistics competitiveness of provinces and cities, and constructs a spatial econometric model to explore the influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of logistics competitiveness from five aspects of technological innovation, foreign direct investment, industrial structure, government intervention and information level. The results show that there are obvious differences in logistics competitiveness among provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and there is a gradient decreasing pattern from the lower reaches to the upper reaches; The logistics competitiveness of provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significant spatial correlation. The downstream region presents "high-high" agglomeration, while the upstream region presents "low-low" agglomeration, and this agglomeration phenomenon is relatively stable and has strong path dependence; The logistics competitiveness of provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a significant positive spatial spillover effect. The improvement of logistics competitiveness of neighboring regions will have a positive impact on the improvement of logistics competitiveness in this region; Technological innovation, industrial structure and information level can promote the regional logistics competitiveness, while government intervention can inhibit the regional logistics competitiveness; Foreign direct investment and industrial structure have a positive spatial spillover effect on the logistics competitiveness of neighboring regions, while technological innovation and information level have a negative spatial spillover effect on the neighboring regions. According to the research conclusion, this paper puts forward policy suggestions to improve the logistics competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the aspects of exerting the spatial spillover effect of logistics competitiveness, promoting the coordinated development of regional logistics, promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, promoting the integrated development of logistics industry and manufacturing industry, expanding the level of opening to the outside world and improving the international logistics competitiveness.