元宇宙及其对人类社会的影响与变革
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F49

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国家社会科学基金高校思政课研究专项"新时代高校思政课教学规律研究"(19V SZ064);中央高校基本科研业务费项目"伟大建党精神融入思想政治教育的逻辑与路径"(2022CDJSKZX03)


Metaverse and its effect on human society
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    摘要:

    2021年元宇宙横空出世,成为资本市场的兴奋剂、学界热议的聚焦点。然而对于如何定义元宇宙却是众说纷纭,本研究在厘清元宇宙运作机理与吸收前人研究经验的基础上将元宇宙定义为:以互联网、人工智能、区块链技术为支撑,通过信息通信技术和智能设备把虚拟世界与现实世界耦合一体,依据自己的主观想象建构和再造的一个虚实融通的现实镜像世界。相较于传统的网络空间与实体的物理空间,元宇宙拥有技术叠加性、虚实相融性、具身沉浸性与实时交互性等鲜明特征。和三十多年前互联网的诞生一样,元宇宙必将深刻影响和改变人类社会,形成人类文明新形态。一是元宇宙会重构人类生存时空新场域。元宇宙将从单一的自然宇宙扩展到虚实并存的双重宇宙,作为现实世界的孪生形态与延伸部分,元宇宙在萃取与融汇现实世界的演进脉络与表象特征的同时,亦依托强大而厚重的科技力量,变革人类生存的时空场域。元宇宙给予人类以沉浸式地体验与参与历史事件、在有限生命时长内获得多维生命体验、提前搭建与预演未来生活的机会,从而促使人类在主观上感受到时间弹性与韧性的增强;元宇宙给予人类以在虚拟世界中全息复制物理世界、在物理空间紧张的情况下获得虚拟空间作为补充、开辟兑现与外化想象力的创作空间的机会,从而促使人类在主观上感受到空间厚度与广度的增加。二是元宇宙会形成人类社会生活新方式。作为多项先进技术紧密嵌套、同向发力集成产物,元宇宙必将深刻影响和改变人类的劳动生活、消费生活和精神生活。集中表现为虚拟劳动成为劳动生活新样态,虚拟消费成为消费行为新时尚、虚拟文化成为精神生活新形态。三是元宇宙会形塑人类思想行为新特点。当元宇宙的生活新内容、新形式与新习惯成为泛在的社会存在后,人的思想与行为将会发生震荡与转变。集中表现为感觉集合下向外探索与向内卷入的博弈、心流体验下沉浸性与沉沦性的对垒、心理补偿下平和性与偏激性的角力、目标投影下奋发性与臆想性的争夺、信息群聚下创新性与依赖性的较量等思想行为上的矛盾冲突与对峙。元宇宙将在数字世界中达致现实中目下难以企及的人类社会,在虚拟世界成为马克思所说的"自由人的联合体"。元宇宙于人类既是机遇,也是挑战。元宇宙营造的"沉浸式"体验不是"沉沦式"生活,不能成为成瘾式游戏生活的借口;元宇宙中社会关系、人际关系的深度虚拟化也不能切断与现实物理世界的必然联系,元宇宙构建的虚拟身份、虚拟产品、虚拟市场、虚拟交易、虚拟生活、虚拟经济、虚拟人生等,不能脱离伦理、道德与法律的约束。为了确保元宇宙能够在人类社会中发挥"益化"的功效而非策动"异化"的危机,精进与完善确保元宇宙顺利落地与节能应用的底层技术,铺设与夯实防止元宇宙悖逆道德与违反法律的顶层制度,是元宇宙构建者应当思考的重要课题和使命责任。

    Abstract:

    In the year of 2021, the whole world heard the roar of metaverse which is seen as the stimulant of the capital market and the focus of the academic field. Scholars hold different opinions on the definition of metaverse. Based on metaverse’s operation mechanism and former researches, metaverse can be defined as a mixture of the mirror image of the physical world and a recreated virtual world with the help of internet and communication technology and smart devices as well as supported by the internet, artificial intelligence and blockchain technology. Compared with the traditional network space and the physical space, metaverse has some obvious characteristics: technological superposition, virtual and reality integration, physical immersion and real-time interaction. Like the internet which has been thriving for more than 30 years, metaverse will exert effect on human society and on the new formation of human civilization. First, metaverse will demonstrate time and space from new aspects. Metaverse will create a new virtual universe which will co-exist with the natural universe. As the virtual twin and extension part of the physical world. Metaverse will simulate the real life and change it. When Metaverse comes, human will gain opportunities of taking part in the past affairs, experiencing limitless possibilities in limited lifetime, rehearsing the future life, replicating the physical world, erasing borders lying among different physical spaces when entering into virtual spaces, harboring virtual spaces as a supplement of physical spaces and obtaining a space where imagination can be embodied at a virtual level. Second, metaverse will form a new lifestyle for human society. As a result of the close integration of multiple technologies, metaverse will reshape human’s life. Human’s labor, consumption and spiritual life will be changed, represented by that virtual labor may become an important part of labor, virtual property and virtual service may become popular, and virtual culture may become a new form of spiritual life. Third, it will shape human’s thoughts and behaviors which present new features. When the lifestyle brought by metaverse becomes universal, human’s thoughts and behaviors will be changed that extroversion and introversion, immersion and degradation, moderation and antagonism, striving and imagination, and creativity and dependence meanwhile exist. In the digital world, metaverse will reach an unattainable human society in reality, and become what Marx called "the union of free people" in the virtual world. Metaverse is both an opportunity and a challenge for human. The "immersive" experience created by the metaverse is not a "degenerate" life and cannot be an excuse for addictive game life. The deep virtualization of social relations and interpersonal relationships in metaverse cannot cut off the inevitable connection with the real physical world. The virtual identity, virtual products, virtual markets, virtual business, virtual life, and virtual economy constructed by metaverse cannot be separated from the constraints of ethics, morality and law. To ensure that metaverse can play the role of "benefiting" in human society rather than instigating the crisis of "alienation", it is an important task and mission for metaverse builders to refine and improve the underlying technology to ensure the smooth landing and energy-saving application of metaverse, and lay and consolidate the top-level system to prevent metaverse from violating morality and laws.

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蒲清平,向往.元宇宙及其对人类社会的影响与变革[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2023,29(2):111-123. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. zs.2022.01.001

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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-05-08
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