太平洋战争爆发前后的《晋察冀日报》妇女报道研究——以1941至1942年样本为例
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K269.5


A study of women’s reports in the JinChaJi Daily before and after the outbreak of the Pacific War: Take the samples from 1941 to 1942 as Examples
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    摘要:

    文章旨在对太平洋战争爆发前后的《晋察冀日报》的妇女报道进行全面梳理和研究,样本为从1941至1942年出版的《晋察冀日报》中整理、抽取到的全部妇女报道,运用定量与定性相结合的研究方法,包括分别据出版时间和题材对这些报道的数量进行分类统计,就数据结果结合相关史实进行纵向的比较分析,选取典型的报道文本案例内容进行定性分析,以期较为系统地厘清1941至1942年期间在不同的战争阶段下,《晋察冀日报》的妇女报道与中国共产党在晋察冀边区的抗日斗争、太平洋战争发展形势之间的关系、特点与相互作用。在此基础上,进一步结合对马克思妇女观、苏俄妇女观、以毛泽东思想为代表的中国共产党妇女观等相关理论的沿变和中俄不同历史现实案例的比较分析,诠释这一时期该报报道所体现出来的妇女观及其特点、影响、历史和现实意义。文章认为,在这期间,《晋察冀日报》作为中国共产党在敌后抗日根据地晋察冀边区创办的代表性报纸,在反"扫荡"中坚持不懈地刊发妇女报道,体裁多样,题材聚焦于抗日反法西斯和妇女解放与发展,密切联系国内外时局变化,兼具地区、全国和国际视野,为当时以晋察冀边区妇女为代表的中国妇女群体高擎革命理想与希望的火炬,不仅为晋察冀边区推进妇女解放运动、动员妇女参与抗日生产和战斗发挥了重要作用,也为边区探索新民主主义社会治理道路和凝聚抗日民族统一战线作出卓越贡献,在第二次世界大战的太平洋战争中塑造了反压迫、反法西斯的中国妇女报道新立场。该报这一时期的妇女报道辩证地学习和借鉴了苏俄妇女观,始终与本国国情和所处地区的现实生活生产和抗战实际相结合,是这一时期下中国共产党在晋察冀边区将马克思列宁主义学说妇女观中国化的重要理论实践,同时展现出当时以晋察冀边区妇女为代表的中国妇女积极进取、勤劳勇敢、顽强不屈的精神面貌。其中对于开展妇女工作和社会治理的相关理念,如何保护妇女权益、肯定妇女价值、塑造女性社会角色多重性以及以社会合作积极谋求家庭与时代共同难题的更佳解决方案等,对中国当前和未来的妇女工作以及社会治理都具有重要的参考和借鉴意义。

    Abstract:

    The aim of this article is to conduct comprehensive comb and study of women’s reports in the JinChaJi Daily before and after the outbreak of the Pacific War. The sample consists of all the women’s reports published on the JinChaJi Daily from 1941 to 1942. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, including classifying the number of these reports according to the time of publication and subject matter, combining the results of the data with relevant historical facts, the study also gives a longitudinal comparative analysis of the data results in relation to the relevant historical facts, and a qualitative analysis of the content on selected typical report examples, with a view to clarifying in a more systematic manner to the relationship, characteristics and interaction among the women’s reports in JinChaJi Daily, the Communist Party of China’s anti-Japanese struggle in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border area and the development of the Pacific War during the different stages of the war between 1941 and 1942. On this basis, the newspaper’s coverage of this period, its characteristics, influence, historical and practical significance are further interpreted in the light of a comparative analysis of the relevant theoretical evolution in Marx’s view of women, the Soviet and Russian views of women and the Chinese Communist Party’s view of women represented by Mao Zedong’s thought, as well as the different historical and practical cases from China and Soviet Russia. This paper argues that, around the outbreak of the Pacific War from 1941 to 1942, in order to release more armed forces turn into the Pacific Battlefield, Japan was eager to take complete control China and stepped up the encirclement and suppression to China’s anti-Japanese army, which led to a major change in China’s domestic war situation and made the anti-Japanese war under the leadership of the Communist Party of China face more draconian challenges. During this period, as the representative newspaper founded by the CPC in the anti-Japanese base of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Area behind the enemy lines, the JinChaJi Daily persistently published women’s reports in the anti-"mopping up", which have various genres while themes focus on the anti-Japanese and anti-fascism, women’s liberation and development, always combine regional, national and international perspectives, were raising the torch of revolutionary ideals and hopes for the Chinese women groups represented by the women in Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Area at that time. This not only played an important role in promoting the women’s liberation movement and mobilizing women to participate in the anti-Japanese production and combat of the border region, but also made outstanding contributions to the exploration of the New-Democratic social governance path and the cohesion of the anti-Japanese national united front in the border region, and shaped a new position of Chinese women’s reporting on anti-oppression and anti-fascism in the Pacific War of the Second World War. These women’s reports were closely related to the changes of the domestic and foreign situation, dialectically learning lessons from the Soviet Russian view of women, and always combining with the actual life and producing activities of the region and the reality of the anti-Japanese fighting, which were significant theoretical and practical achievements of the Chinese Communist Party’s Sinicization of the Marxist-Leninist view of women during this period. At the same time, these also show the enterprising, hard-working, brave and indomitable spirits of Chinese women represented by the women in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Area then. At the meanwhile, some of these ideas, such as how to protect women’s rights and interests, affirm women’s values, shape the multiplicity of women’s roles in society, and actively seek better solutions to common problems in family and society through social cooperation, are important references and lessons for current and future women’s work and social governance in China.

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孙璐.太平洋战争爆发前后的《晋察冀日报》妇女报道研究——以1941至1942年样本为例[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2023,29(2):153-168. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. rw.2023.02.002

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