The modern handicraft industry of Yunnan and Guizhou experienced three stages: the two-way trade of foreign yarn into Yunnan and Guizhou to exchange opium, the abnormal prosperity of handicraft industry during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the restoration of normality during the War of Liberation. Among them, the two-way trade of opium in Yunnan and Guizhou in 1851 was the symbol of the rise of modern handicraft industry. In 1935, the national government ended the southwestern warlords and issued a ban on smoking, which made its wartime handicraft industry sprout. The official rise began with the ban on smoking, which was strictly enforced in 1938. In the process of the sprouting and rising of the handicraft industry during the war, the strategic transfer of political, economic, military and other needs was an important reason for the national government to strengthen its production.In wartime, the grain of Yunnan and Guizhou could still be "more than self-sufficient", which was based on the important conditions such as abundant mineral resources needed for war and economic construction, the need to revive the national base areas and the strategic location of the transportation center. With the continuous intensification of the situation of the national war of resistance, the strategic position of the rear area of Yunnan and Guizhou has become increasingly prominent. Especially after the national government moved its capital to Chongqing in 1938, the political and industrial construction of Yunnan-Guizhou was strengthened. At the same time, with the prohibition, strict transportation and strict smoking of opium, the two-way trade of foreign gauze and opium in Yunnan-Guizhou was interrupted, and the course of Yunnan-Guizhou war handicraft industry was started. Under the background of machine production during the war, the relatively backward handicraft industry in Yunnan-Guizhou developed again. While promoting the economic and social development of Yunnan-Guizhou and making Guizhou’s "industrial construction just sprout" and Yunnan’s industrial construction "start to establish", there are problems such as import and export difficulties behind the "abnormal prosperity phenomenon".