国民党中央设计局与设计制度的初创
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K265;D963.72


Kuomintang Central Planning Board and the establishment of planning system
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    摘要:

    1940年国民党成立中央设计局,负责政治、经济建设的设计工作。设计局作为设计机构,在创设设计制度方面做出了一定的探索。全面抗战时期,国民政府采取通货膨胀和统制政策,加之外国对华输送物资通道的关闭,国民经济陷入困境,设计局作为经济困境的制度性解决方案被提出。在孙中山主张权能区分的基础上提出创设万能政府,实行计划政治,这些是设计局成立背后的政治治理逻辑,这一逻辑导引设计局重视专家,建立设计制度。设计局采取一系列措施来建立和完善设计制度:一是改革组织架构。熊式辉在王世杰改革的基础上继续扩充设计局职能分组,设置局务会议,设立政治和经济两个计划委员会以及台湾和东北两个调查委员会。二是集聚人才。加强与高校、科研院所以及其他社团团体的联系,任用人员的要求相当高,吸纳了大量的留学人才和工程科技人才。三是统一设计规范。依照科学管理方法,制定各项计划的设计程序和设计步骤,用图示法解释复员计划编制程序,提高工作效率。四是宣传计划建设理念。通过发行内部刊物、组织中国计划建设学会、在报纸上发文制造社会舆论等方式倡导计划建设。设计局借用苏联国家设计委员会和日本综合计划局为"思想资源",为其提升设计局的权力而服务。设计局在初创设计制度、刷新政治、打造计划时代、奠定计划建设基础等方面做出了一定的努力,但由于国民政府的行政本质已经腐朽至深,导致中央设计局的一系列设计制度方案难以实施。

    Abstract:

    In 1940, the Kuomintang established the Central Planning Board, which was responsible for the planning of political and economic construction. As a planning agency, the Central Planning Board has made certain explorations to the establishment of the planning system. During the period of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government adopted inflation and control policies, coupled with the closure of foreign material delivery channels, The Central Plannign Board the economy was in trouble, and the Central Planning Board was proposed as an institutional solution to the economic difficulties. Sun Yat-sen advocated the separation of powers and functions. On this basis, Chiang Kai-shek proposed to create an omnipotent government and implement planned politics. These are the political governance logic behind the establishment of the Central Planning Board. This logic guided the Central Planning Board to attach importance to experts and establish a planning system. The Central Planning Board took a series of measures to establish and improve the planning system. First, to reform the organizational structure, The Central Plannign board continued to expand the functional groups of the Central Planning Board on the basis of Wang Shijie’s reform, and set up two planning committees for politics and economics and two investigation committees for Taiwan and Northeast China. The second is to gather talents and strengthen ties with universities, scientific research institutes and other associations. The requirements for appointing personnel are quite high, and a large number of overseas talents and engineering and technological talents have been absorbed. The third is to unify planning specifications. In accordance with scientific management methods, the Central Planning Board formulated the planning procedures and planning steps of various plans, used diagrams to explain the demobilization plan preparation procedures for improving work efficiency. The fourth is to publicize the concept of plan construction. The Central Planning Board advocated planned construction by issuing internal publications, organizing the China Planning and Construction Society, and publishing articles in newspapers to create public opinion. Xiong Shihui borrowed the Soviet State Planning Committee and the Japanese General Planning Board as "ideological resources" to enhance the power of the Central Planning Board. The Central Planning Board has made efforts in creating a planning system, renewing politics, creating a planning era, and laying the foundation for planning and construction. Hpwever, due to the deeply corrupt administrative nature of the Kuomintang government, a series of design system plans of the Central Planning Board were difficult to implement.

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李俊杰.国民党中央设计局与设计制度的初创[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2023,29(2):182-195. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. rw.2023.02.001

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