论环境行政代履行费用追偿的淆乱与矫正
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D922.68;D925.1;D925.2

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国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BFX044);重庆市哲学社会科学一般项目(2020YBFX41);重庆市教育委员会基地项目(2022CDJSKPT18)


On the confusion and correction of the recovery of environmental administrative agency performance cost
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    摘要:

    环境行政主体基于突发环境事故造成生态危害的紧迫性,自行实施环境污染治理行为或者委托第三人对环境污染进行治理,由此垫付的污染治理费用本质上应属于环境行政代履行费用,关于环境行政代履行费用的法律性质,目前主要有"公法债权说" "私法债权说" "混合债权说"及"转化说"四种观点。由于"转化说"立足于环境行政主体与当事人之间的代履行费用征收法律关系,既认为代履行费用具有公法性质,也认为代履行费用属于金钱给付义务的"标的物",不属于债权,相较于"公法债权说" "私法债权说" "混合债权说"更具合理性。司法实践中,对环境行政代履行费用追偿主要存在环境行政主体提起民事私益诉讼,社会组织或者检察机关提起民事公益诉讼,检察机关提起刑事附带民事公益诉讼,"省级、市地级人民政府及其指定的相关部门、机构或者受国务院委托行使全民所有自然资源资产所有权的部门"提起生态环境损害赔偿诉讼以及环境行政主体向人民法院申请强制执行等五种探索路径。由于前述四种追偿路径要么与代履行费用的公法性质不符,要么有违现行法律规定,要么存在多种实施障碍,因此删繁就简,环境行政代履行费用的追偿通过"环境行政主体向人民法院申请强制执行"这一方式更符合我国行政强制执行之行政代履行的应有之意,也当为该费用追偿的最优方案,建议通过从将代履行费用缴纳决定纳入申请法院强制执行的范围、补正向法院申请强制执行代履行费用的程序、增加行政强制执行代履行费用的特别方式三方面入手确保代履行费用的有效追偿。

    Abstract:

    Based on the urgency of ecological harm caused by sudden environmental accidents, the environmental administrative subject carries out environmental pollution control itself or entrusts a third party to control the environmental pollution, and the pollution control expenses thus advanced essentially belong to environmental administrative agency performance cost. Regarding the legal nature of the environmental administrative agency performance cost, at present, there are mainly four views: "public law creditor’s rights theory", "private law creditor’s rights theory", "mixed creditor’s rights theory" and "transformation theory". Since the "transformation theory" is based on the legal relationship between the environmental administrative subject and the parties involved in the collection of agency performance fees, it not only believes that the agency performance fees have the nature of public law, but also believes that the agency performance fees belong to the "subject matter" of the obligation to pay money, not the creditor’s rights, which is more reasonable than the "public law creditor’s rights theory", "private law creditor’s rights theory" and "mixed creditor’s rights theory". In judicial practice, the recovery of environmental administrative agency performance costs mainly involves civil private interest litigation by environmental administrative subjects, civil public interest litigation by social organizations or procuratorial organs, criminal incidental civil public interest litigation by procuratorial organs, ecological environmental damage compensation litigation by "provincial and municipal people’s governments and their designated departments, institutions or departments entrusted by the State Council to exercise the ownership of natural resources assets owned by the whole people", and enforcement applied to the people’s court by the environmental administrative subject. Because the above-mentioned four ways of recovery are either inconsistent with the public law nature of the agency performance costs, or violate the existing legal provisions, or there are many obstacles to implementation, so it is simple to delete the complexity. The way of recovery of the environmental administrative agency performance costs through "enforcement applied to the people’s court by the environmental administrative subject" is more in line with the due meaning of the administrative agency performance of administrative enforcement in China, and should also be the best plan for recovery of the costs, It is suggested to ensure the effective recovery of agency performance costs by including the payment decision of agency performance costs into the scope of applying for court enforcement, correcting the procedure of applying for court enforcement of agency performance costs, and increasing the special way of administrative enforcement of agency performance costs.

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唐绍均,康慧强.论环境行政代履行费用追偿的淆乱与矫正[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2023,(2):209-219. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. fx.2020.04.006

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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-05-08
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