The strategic intention of building digital China and accelerating the development of digital economy is clearly planned in the Report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, but the problem of "digital divide" still exists among different regions, and analyzing the spatial and temporal differences in the development of digital economy is an important prerequisite for the balanced development of digital economy. Based on this, this paper takes the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2019 as samples, constructs the digital economy development evaluation index system, calculates the development level of digital economy in each province by entropy weight method, empirically analyzes the spatio-temporal variation of digital economy by using Dagum Gini coefficient, and examines the spatio-temporal variation of economic and social factors on digital economy by geographic probe. The results show that:1) Six regions, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Guangdong, are at the forefront of digital economy development in China, while the western regions, such as Xinjiang, Tibet and Qinghai, are at a lower level of digital economy development. The largest average annual growth rate from 2013 to 2019 is that of Chongqing, with an increase of 8.4%, followed by Tibet, Guizhou and Sichuan, with average annual growth rates of 8.3%, 7.4% and 4.8%; 2) The development of digital economy varies significantly among regions in China, with a spatially decreasing trend from east to west in a stepwise manner. In terms of temporal distribution, the overall digital economy development level in central and western China is increasing during 2013-2019, but the digital economy level in the northeastern provinces is in a fluctuating downward trend. In general, the temporal and spatial divergence of digital economy development is obvious; 3) The imbalance of digital economy development in East-West regions is mainly caused by inter-regional differences, and the largest inter-regional Gini coefficient is West-East, while the smallest inter-regional Gini coefficient is in Central-West. The inter-regional Gini coefficient of Central-Eastern region keeps fluctuating up and down during the examination period. The West-East digital economy disparity kept rising in the early period and reached a peak in 2014, while the regional disparity by and large had an overall convergence trend thereafter. The inter-regional differences between the Central-Western region are generally less variable and basically stabilized after 2014; 4) The differences in the level of digital economy development among the provinces in the eastern region are the largest while the digital economy differences among the provinces in the central region are the smallest. The intra-regional Gini coefficient in the eastern region shows a slight increase, the digital economy difference in the central region is more stable until 2016, and there is an obvious expansion in 2017-2019, and the intra-regional difference in the western region is in a state of constant fluctuation, but in general there is an upward trend; 5) From a national perspective, the level of tertiary industry development, the degree of marketization and the economic level are the decisive factors leading to the national digital nationwide, the level of tertiary industry development, the degree of marketization and the economic level are the decisive factors leading to the divergence of the national digital economy. The impact of socio-economic factors on the regional digital economy level shows obvious differences, and the intensity of the role of each driving factor is not the same at different times and regions. Therefore, the formulation of policies for high-quality development of digital economy should consider the differences in the degree of impact of different indicators over time and regions, so as to make them more targeted.