从水泥产业看日本工业化发展——环向关联:近代日本水泥产业研究(1871-1931)
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The development of Japanese industrialization from cement industry—Circular correlation: A study of cement industry in modern Japan (1871—1931)
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    摘要:

    日本水泥产业肇始于明治政府的"官营"事业,伴随着解决"明治十四年政变"国家政策的转向以及自身经营不善等问题,开启了民营企业发展进程,并在充足的产业资金支持下得到快速发展。第一次世界大战后,日本水泥产业迎来爆发式增长期,又于20世纪20年代中期迎来了因产能过剩引致的过度市场竞争。市场竞争迫使企业创新生产技术、引进科学化管理模式,但也造成了投资过剩并引发产品价格下降等局面。而价格下降扩大了上下游产业对水泥的需求,使之成为"暴利产业",并吸引更多的企业加入,继而带来更大的产能过剩。水泥价格下降还促进了基础设施建设和电力等其他工业门类的发展,这其中,电力产业的发展又反过来为水泥业提供了除煤炭外的新的动力来源,并降低了水泥的生产成本。因此,产业环向关联效应是促使日本在20世纪30年代迅速完成重工业化,并推动其经济快速发展的重要内在机制。在"市场机制→市场竞争→产能过剩→产品价格下降→关联效应推动关联产业发展→市场需求扩大产业发展"这种动态发展机制下,日本的工业化进程得以高速发展。在此压力下,产业重组形成的"财阀"和销售组织"卡特尔"的体制构建,一方面标志着日本水泥产业的成熟,另一方面也成为日本实施对外倾销和抢夺亚洲市场的重要因素。

    Abstract:

    Japan's cement industry began with official business of Meiji. Along with solving the national policy shift after "Coup in the 14th year of Meiji" and its own poor management, the cement industry started its private development process and developed rapidly under the support of sufficient industrial funds. The cement industry has experienced explosive growth after the First World War. In the mid-1920s, it ushered in excessive market competition caused by overcapacity. The pressure of market competition forced enterprises to innovate production technology and introduce scientific management models, but it also caused the situation of overinvestment and product price decline. The lower cement prices have expanded the demand for cement in upstream and downstream industries, making it a "profiteer industry", leading to more companies to participate and finally resulting in greater overcapacity. The decline in prices has also promoted the development of other industries such as infrastructure construction and electric power. Among them, the development of the electric power industry has in turn provided a new source of power beyond coal and reduced the production cost of cement. Therefore, the circular correlation effect is a significant internal mechanism that prompted modern Japan to rapidly complete heavy industrialization and promoted the development of its economic vitality in the 1930s. Under this dynamic development mechanism of "market mechanism → market competition → overcapacity → product prices decline → correlation effects promote the development of related industries → market demand expands the development of industry", Japan's industrialization process has also been able to develop at a high speed. Under this pressure, on the one hand, the establishment of the system of "chaebol" and sales organization "cartel" marks the maturity of the Japanese cement industry. On the other hand, it has also become an important factor for Japan to implement foreign dumping and snatch the Asian market.

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王京滨,李牧轩,杨莲霞.从水泥产业看日本工业化发展——环向关联:近代日本水泥产业研究(1871-1931)[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2023,(3):165-180. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. rw.2023.04.003

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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-07-13
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