Common prosperity is not only the essential regulation of socialism, but also an indispensable dimension for grasping and understanding the internal regulations of the Chinese path to modernization. In the historical development process of human modernization, capitalist modernization occupies a special position of pioneering demonstration, and is a category that cannot be bypassed in the study of modernization. The problem lies in the fact that capitalism takes capital multiplication as the central logic to form a strong suppression of the logic of human development, thus forming a sharp antagonistic contradiction between the accumulation of capital wealth and the accumulation of human poverty, and the social problem of workers getting poorer and poorer the more workers work has seriously constrained the sustainable development space of its modernization model. Marx profoundly understood and pointed out the contradictions inherent in capitalist modernization, and provided a scientific guiding theory for mankind to correct the deviation of capitalist modernization from the direction of human development. Although capitalist modernization has adopted time, space and welfare social policies to prolong its cycle of survival and development, such measures that do not touch the root causes of the contradictions of capitalist modernization have cured the symptoms but not the root causes, and workers can only fall into the impoverishment trend shaped by the framework of capital multiplication again. To this end, if mankind wants to eliminate paradoxical poverty and move towards a new path of modernization of common prosperity, it is necessary to innovate and expand along Marx's theory and Lenin's exploration. Under the guidance of Marxism, the Communist Party of China has inherited, developed and innovated socialist modernization in light of specific historical and national conditions, and formed the Chinese path to modernization oriented towards common prosperity. From the perspective of historical dimension, Chinese path to modernization has unique historical resources and magnificent historical processes, and the concept of common prosperity of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, the pursuit of common prosperity by people with lofty ideals in modern times, and the Marxist exploration of common prosperity together constitute the historical resources for its development, providing a unique historical connotation for the practice of common prosperity in socialist modernization. Through the new democratic revolution, socialist revolution and construction, the century of magnificent exploration since the reform and opening up, and the new era, the Communist Party of China has injected and expanded the connotation of common prosperity into the formation and development of the Chinese path to modernization. The common prosperity dimension of the Chinese path to modernization means that the Communist Party of China has restored the subjectivity of workers within the framework of the socialist system, and the contradiction between the logic of capital multiplication and the logic of human development has been reconciled, that is, the common prosperity dimension of Chinese path to modernization not only has a far-reaching impact on socialist modernization, but also provides "Chinese wisdom" for mankind to explore the new form of civilization and a "Chinese plan" for latecomer countries to take a new path of modernization. It is an original modernization exploration of pioneering significance in the process of world historical development, which will profoundly affect and change the development trend of world history in the future.