High-quality development and common prosperity are hot topics in the academic circle, which has conducted extensive and in-depth research on the promotion of high-quality development to common prosperity. Based on the existing research, this paper discusses high-quality development, common prosperity and their dialectical relationship. The research holds that:(1) High-quality development is the basic feature of China's economic development in the new era. It is put forward under the condition that economic development is in the new normal. With development as the core and high quality as the measurement yardstick, it is the all-round development of economic society. It is also characterized by the unity of quality and moderate economic growth, a unique development index system, a series of development strategies and so on. High-quality development is a key indicator of a country's comprehensive strength. (2) Common prosperity is an essential feature of socialism. Both the manifestation of the advantages of the socialist system and the building of a great modern socialist country should be based on common prosperity. Common prosperity is the common prosperity of all the people and the all-round prosperity of both material and spiritual life. To achieve common prosperity, some people are allowed to get rich first, and then the rich first drives the rich later, so as to achieve common prosperity. Common prosperity is first prosperity, and then prosperity of all the people together. Common prosperity means all-round prosperity, which means achieving prosperity both materially and spiritually. Common prosperity means that all people will share the fruits of development. (3) There is a dialectical relationship between high-quality development and common prosperity. First, high-quality development promotes common prosperity. Development is the prerequisite for prosperity, and high-quality development promotes common prosperity. Second, common prosperity is the result of high-quality development. Common prosperity is the direction and result of high-quality development, and it is the embodiment of high-quality development. Common prosperity driven by high-quality development is the guarantee for realizing Chinese-style modernization. Finally, high-quality development and common prosperity reinforce each other. High-quality development and common prosperity interact and influence each other. High-quality development affects the realization of common prosperity, and common prosperity affects the play of high-quality development. High-quality development contributes to common prosperity, and common prosperity also contributes to high-quality development. High-quality development is the premise and common prosperity is the goal. High-quality development and common prosperity are jointly driving the realization of Chinese-style modernization.