中国古代名胜景观的生成与传承
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K928.7

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北京市社会科学基金重点项目“北京西山文化景观的形成与演变研究”(20LSA002);首都师范大学2020年度美育研究课题


The generation and inheritance of ancient Chinese scenic spots
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    摘要:

    中国古代景观游赏经历了从自然景观走向人景合一的名胜景观的过程。名胜景观作为景观之有“名”者,是无数文人士大夫、知名人士共同参与的自然与人共生的结果。“名胜”最初指“人物”,常有交游、赏景、文学、学问等特征,属于名流群体,与山水及景物游赏多是相关的。“景物”之“名胜”,起源于魏晋名士与山水之间的相互作用,伴随着魏晋至唐宋怀古情绪的进一步发酵,山水景物因“名胜”人物的参与,逐渐成为知名景观,宋至明清时期,“前贤”影响下的“胜迹”发展为“景物”之“名胜”,“名胜”具有了“人”与“景”的双重含义,人景合一的“名胜”景观成为士人游赏追寻的目标。中国古代名胜景观的传承集中体现了古代景观文化中的“慕古”与“述古”传统,这是以人及与人相关的故事为核心的传统,具体表现在基于“名人”及“文献”的景观文化传承,具有层累的特征。历代诗文、志书等文献有效传播并保存了古代景观的文化和历史信息。士人游赏名胜,往往根据以往的诗文或志书追溯名胜的历史及相关人物,并以自己的创作或记述继续丰富名胜的文化史。地志类文献亦在前人撰述的基础上考证并记述景观文化的传承脉络,形成丰富的景观记述体系。这一传承模式影响了古代名胜景观物质形态的复兴与遗产的保护,中国古代建筑多为木构建筑,其物质形态较难长期保存,古代名胜景观的复建,并非要完全恢复景观的物质形态,而是根据前贤诗文和文献中的景观叙述,进行文化和地点上的考证,重构描述或想象中的景观,表达追慕之情,传承景观文化。

    Abstract:

    The ancient Chinese scenic spots(Mingsheng) has experienced the process of moving from natural landscape to the famous landscape. The famous landscape embodies extremely rich cultural connotations. It is the result of the symbiosis of nature and human with the participation of countless literati and celebrities. "Mingsheng" originally referred to "characters", often featuring features such as socializing, appreciating scenery, literature, and learning. They belong to the group of celebrities and are often related to landscape and scenic tours. "Mingsheng" of "scenery" originated from the interaction between famous scholars in the Wei and Jin dynasties and mountains and waters. With the further fermentation of nostalgia from the Wei and Jin dynasties to the Tang and Song dynasties, mountain and water landscapes gradually became well-known landscapes due to the participation of "Mingsheng" characters. During the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties, "well-known landscapes" under the influence of "predecessors" developed into "Mingsheng" of scenery. "Mingsheng" has a dual meaning of "people" and "scenery". "Mingsheng" that combines people and scenery became the goal pursued by literati during their travels. The inheritance of ancient Chinese scenic spots and landscapes reflects the tradition of "admiring and narrating the past" in ancient landscape culture. This is a tradition centered around people and stories related to them, specifically manifested in the inheritance of landscape culture based on "celebrities" and "literature", with a layered feature. The cultural and historical information of ancient landscapes has been effectively disseminated and preserved through literature such as poetry, literature, and Geographical Records throughout history. Literati often trace the history and related figures of famous scenic spots based on past poems or historical records, and continue to enrich the cultural history through their own creations or descriptions. Geographical literature also verifies and records the inheritance of landscape culture based on previous writings, forming a rich system of landscape description. This inheritance model has influenced the revival of the material form of ancient scenic spots and the protection of heritage. Many ancient Chinese buildings were made of wooden structures, and their material form was difficult to preserve for a long time. The reconstruction of scenic spots and landscapes in ancient times did not aim to completely restore the material "form" of the landscape from the past, but rather to conduct cultural and geographical research based on the landscape descriptions in the poetry and literature of the past, reconstruct the described or imagined landscapes, express admiration, and inherit landscape culture.

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何峰.中国古代名胜景观的生成与传承[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2024,30(2):133-146. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. rw.2024.02.001

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-05-08
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