In September 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the important concept of "new-quality productivity" during his investigation in Heilongjiang Province. New-quality productivity is the advanced productive forces that play a leading role in innovation, get rid of the traditional mode of economic growth and productivity development path, and have the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, which are in line with the new development concept. The proposal of new quality productivity has a brand new theoretical connotation and rich practical value. Combining the relevant important exposition of the General Secretary Xi Jinping and the current facts of China’s economic development, the article argues that the new quality productivity is an integrator covering at least the three major aspects of science and technology, green and digital, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation system of new quality productivity from the three first-level indicators of scientific and technological productivity, green productivity and digital productivity. Further, the article adopts the improved entropy weight-TOPSIS method to measure the level of new quality productivity of 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2012 to 2021, and the measurement results show that the level of China’s new quality productivity rises from 0.302 6 in 2012 to 0.874 7 in 2021, with an average annual growth rate of 21%, and correspondingly the levels of science and technology productivity, green productivity and digital productivity also rise steadily. The study finds that, for different regions, the level of new quality productivity in the eastern region not only grows the fastest, but also has a higher total amount than that in the central and western regions, while the level of new quality productivity in the central region is higher than that in the western region, but the growth rate is lower than that in the western region. For specific provinces, the development pattern of new productivity is "double-geese-leading" in Guangdong Province and Jiangsu Province, but the gap between provinces is very large, reflecting the regional heterogeneity of China’s new productivity level. Further research, Kernel density estimation and Markov chain analysis results show that, on the one hand, China’s inter-provincial new productivity level gap has a gradually widening trend, but this trend mainly exists between individual developed and backward provinces, most of the intermediate provinces differences are not obvious, and the development of the new productivity of the club convergence phenomenon, the new productivity of the developed provinces convergence phenomenon is more obvious; on the other hand, the new productivity of the developed provinces, the new productivity of the club convergence phenomenon is more obvious. On the other hand, the development of new quality productivity has obvious spatial spillover effect, in the case of differences in the level of new quality productivity with neighboring provinces, the new quality productivity of the province will be affected by the neighboring provinces. The calculation of Gini coefficient and its decomposition results show that the inter-regional difference is the main reason for the unbalanced development of the national new productivity, which means that the main reason for the difference in the level of the new productivity is the unbalanced development of the inter-region. In view of the above problems, the development path to enhance China’s new productivity should focus on coordinating regional linkage and cooperation to promote balanced development, increasing the guidance for the development of new productivity, and making new deployments in the three major indicators of new productivity.