都市圈时空演变特征及溢出效应——来自长三角城市与企业证据
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F129;F127

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The spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and spillover effects of metropolitan area: Evidence from cities and enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta
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    摘要:

    在"十四五"规划和2035年远景目标纲要中,明确提出了"发挥中心城市和城市群带动作用,建设现代化都市圈"的重要任务,这是深入贯彻落实新型城镇化和区域协调发展战略的关键内容。都市圈通过"中心—外围"结构促进要素自由流动,释放市场活力和社会创造力,成为推动经济高质量发展和城市能级跃升的核心动力,这将对区域发展带来怎样的影响?这种影响对跨边界或不同空间特征城市是否存在差异?何种原因导致了这样的差异?以长三角地区都市圈的丰富实践经验,将为越来越多加入现代化都市圈的城市提供怎样的经验参考?厘清上述问题,将有助于更深入地分析中国都市圈发展现状与形成机制,对城市经济发展和区域经济一体化的理论研究和政策制定具有重要的现实意义。首先,文章采用空间计量模型对中国城市统计年鉴数据进行研究,分析了长三角地区城市经济发展时空演变特征,聚焦都市圈对区域经济发展的作用。研究发现,相对于长三角全域,在都市圈范围内的城市经济发展均衡程度更高,并且都市圈经济发展存在显著的溢出效应。其次,文章基于中国工业企业数据库,构建了城市群层面的产业数据。为了克服内生性挑战,文章采用份额移动法构造Bartik工具变量,识别了都市圈中心城市对外围城市的产业层面溢出效应。考虑产业关联效应的影响,文章检验了两地间产业结构相似度的作用,并发现中心城市与外围城市之间的产业结构相似度越高,中心城市的溢出效应越强。与此同时,受多个增长极与单一增长极影响的外围城市获得的溢出效应存在差异。由于受多增长极影响的外围城市能吸引更多劳动力,因而其溢出效应更为显著。最后,文章还发现都市圈空间溢出能够突破行政边界,这有助于地方政府协调,进而增强中心城市的溢出效应。为了加速培育和壮大都市圈,我们应积极发挥中心城市主导的溢出效应,以都市圈一体化推动区域协调发展。同时,还应支持多中心多层级都市圈融合联动发展,深化都市圈合作与分工。此外,我们还需要创新都市圈城市利益共享合作机制,积极探索都市圈一体化体制机制创新,着力打破条块分割,助力消除行政区之间的隐形障碍。

    Abstract:

    In the Outline of 14th Five-Year Plan and the Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035, the important task of "leveraging the driving role of central cities and urban agglomerations to build modern metropolitan areas" is clearly proposed, which is a key content for deepening the implementation of the new urbanization and regional coordinated development strategy. Metropolitan areas, characterized by their "core-periphery" structure, facilitate the free flow of resources, unleash market dynamism and social creativity, emerging as the key drivers of high-quality economic development and urban renewal. What repercussions will this yield on regional development? Are there discrepancies in its effects on cities with cross-boundary or diverse spatial attributes? What underlies these disparities? Furthermore, what experiential insights will the rich practical experience of the metropolitan areas in the Yangtze River Delta offer to the increasing number of cities embracing modern metropolitan paradigms? Addressing these queries will contribute to a deeper analysis of the current status and formation mechanisms of China’s urban agglomeration development, holding significant practical implications for theoretical research and policy formulation concerning urban economic development and regional economic integration. Firstly, this paper adopts a spatial econometric model to study the data from Statistical Yearbook of Chinese cities, analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of urban economic development in the Yangtze River Delta, and focuses on the role of metropolitan area in regional economic development. This paper finds that compared to the entire Yangtze River Delta, urban economic development within the metropolitan area is more balanced, and there is a significant spillover effect in the economic development of the metropolitan area. Second, this paper constructs industry data at the city pair level based on the China Industrial Enterprise Database. In order to overcome endogeneity challenges, this paper uses the share shifting method to construct Bartik instrumental variables and identified the industry level spillover effects of the core city of the metropolitan area on the peripheral cities. Considering the impact of industrial correlation effects, the authors examine the role of industrial structure similarity among the cities and find that the higher the industrial structure similarity between the core city and peripheral cities, the stronger the spillover effect of the central city. At the same time, there are differences in the spillover effects obtained by peripheral cities affected by multiple growth poles and a single growth pole. Peripheral cities influenced by multiple growth poles attracted more labor, leading to stronger spillover effects. In addition, this paper also finds that spatial spillover of metropolitan area can break through administrative boundaries, which helps local governments coordinate and thereby enhance the spillover effect of core cities. To accelerate the development and growth of metropolitan areas, we should actively leverage the spillover effects driven by core cities and promote regional coordinated development through the integration of metropolitan areas. At the same time, we should support the integrated and collaborative development of multi-center, multi-level metropolitan areas, and deepen cooperation and division of labor within metropolitan areas. Furthermore, we need to innovate the mechanisms for sharing the benefits of metropolitan areas among cities, actively explore institutional and system innovations for metropolitan area integration, focus on breaking down the administrative barriers and eliminate invisible obstacles between administrative regions.

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董雪兵,缪彬彬,池若楠,孟顺杰.都市圈时空演变特征及溢出效应——来自长三角城市与企业证据[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2024,30(3):36-54. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. jg.2024.03.007

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-07-07
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