New quality productivity is a new driving force for common prosperity and development in the context of Chinese path to modernization. Digital productivity innovation transforms traditional production models, with technological innovation as the core driving force to shape new digital productive forces, forming an effective lever for promoting common prosperity. Analyzing the internal mechanism of embedding digital new productive forces into common prosperity from theoretical, historical, and practical dimensions, the progressive logic of traditional productive forces moving towards new productive forces is interpreted. From a theoretical perspective, digital productivity and new quality productivity are isomorphic and symbiotic, giving rise to the concept of digital new quality productivity that promotes common prosperity. From a historical perspective, digital new productive forces promote common prosperity, fair and just development, and balance the relationship between efficiency and fairness. From a practical perspective, the coupling of digital new productive forces with digital empowerment diffusion effects and digital equal distribution justice promotes innovation in social digital reproduction and solidifies the foundation of common prosperity. The common prosperity in the context of digital new productive forces is based on the value co-creation of digital empowerment to make the cake bigger and better, and the value sharing of digital equal rights and fair distribution of the cake. On the dimension of value co-creation, digital technology empowers economic efficiency upgrading, digital elements tap into social reproduction value, digital governance creates a new ecological environment for common prosperity, and has formulated practical plans to achieve value co-creation for common prosperity. On the dimension of value sharing, ensuring the rights and powers of digital production entities, accelerating the equalization of basic digital services, and enhancing the synergy of urban-rural digital development have constructed effective indicators to examine the degree of shared achievements in common prosperity. The integration of digital production practices based on value co-creation and value sharing into the value orientation of common prosperity helps to promote the efficiency diffusion of digital new productive forces. The coupling effect between common prosperity and digital production is reflected in value co-creation based on digital empowerment and value sharing based on digital equity, while digital production based on digital empowerment and digital equity correspondingly anchors the increment and background of common prosperity. The promotion of common prosperity through digital new productive forces requires a dual drive of digital "empowerment development" and "equal rights and sharing": firstly, to increase "efficiency" through "empowerment" and resort to new production models empowered by digital technology, such as amplifying the accessibility effect of digital dividends from the aspects of iterating digital ecological industry dividends, upgrading intelligent life applications, and expanding the innovation dividends of aging friendly intelligent services; the second is to stabilize "distribution" through "equal rights", such as shaping the humanistic concept of digital production, constructing a digital public welfare governance community, and optimizing the sharing of digital public services to alleviate the problem of digital dividend inclusiveness. Digital new quality productivity enables common prosperity, provides the source of power for the development of Chinese path to modernization, improves the efficiency of social digital production, and promotes the road of common prosperity and development.