碳中和时间表在应对气候变化基本法中的规范表达
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西南大学 法学院, 重庆 400715

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D922.68

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国家社会科学基金一般项目"基于协同论的碳中和专项立法研究"(22BFX202)


Normative expression of carbon neutrality schedule in climate change basic law
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School of Law, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China

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    摘要:

    我国当前的碳中和工作主要在政策道路上推进, 相关立法还不完善, 特别是缺乏明确的碳中和时间表使得有些地方在推进碳中和工作时出现了"碳冲锋""运动式减碳"现象, 既不利于积极稳妥推进碳中和目标实现, 也带来了生产生活上的不确定性。全国人大常委会提出要在"十四五"期间加强应对气候变化和碳达峰碳中和立法的研究与论证工作。碳中和时间表是管理碳中和工作进程、确保碳中和目标实现的有效方法, 大部分国家的碳中和立法都对其进行了规定。在我国"力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和"的时间框架下, 研究制定切实可行的碳中和时间表法律规范, 有利于推进应对气候变化和碳达峰碳中和立法工作进程, 更有利于提升碳中和相关立法的指向性和可实施性, 稳定社会生产生活预期, 提升我国在国际气候合作治理中的话语权。碳中和时间表法律规范的制定应立足我国产业结构、能源结构等基本国情, 结合国际气候合作治理需要, 以科学性与政策性相结合、国际性与国别性相结合、现时性与将来性相结合为设计基准, 通过《应对气候变化法》立法目的条款、碳中和时间表专项条款将我国碳中和工作进程纳入法治轨道, 充分发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的作用, 保障当下及将来世代人民群众的基本权利与自由。具言之, 《应对气候变化法》立法目的条款中, 碳中和时间表内容建议表述为"推动国家碳中和战略决策实现, 促进国际气候治理合作"。专项条款设置上, 一方面应规定具体明确的相对近期碳中和时间表, 另一方面就中长期碳中和时间进程应确定特殊时间节点设计阶段性目标, 并授权国务院负责阶段性期间内碳中和时间表的"细化"与"调高"。

    Abstract:

    The current carbon neutrality work in China is mainly promoted on a policy path, and the relevant legislation is not yet perfect, especially that the lack of a clear carbon neutrality schedule may lead to carbon charging and campaign style carbon reduction in some places. It is not conducive to actively and steadily achieving carbon neutrality goals, and may also bring uncertainty to production and life. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress proposed to strengthen research on climate change and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality legislation during the 14th Five Year Plan period. Carbon neutrality schedule is an effective method for managing the progress of carbon neutrality and ensuring the achievement of carbon neutrality goals, which is provided in most countries' carbon neutrality legislation. Under the schedule for "striving to achieve carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060" of China, studying and formulating practical and feasible carbon neutrality schedule legal norms is not only conducive to advancing the legislative process of climate change and carbon peak and carbon neutrality, but also conducive to enhancing the feasibility of carbon neutrality legislation, stabilizing social production and living expectations, and enhancing China's voice in international climate cooperative governance. The carbon neutrality schedule legal norms should be based on China's basic national conditions such as industrial structure and energy structure, combined with needs of international climate cooperative governance, and designed based on the combination of scientific and policy nature, international and national nature, and current and future nature. Through the legislative purpose clause and special clauses on carbon neutrality schedule of the Climate Change Law, the process of China's carbon neutrality work should be incorporated into the track of the rule of law, to give full play to the role of the rule of law in solidifying foundation, stabilizing expectations, and promoting long-term benefits, and safeguarding the basic rights and freedoms of the present and future generations of the people. Specifically, in the legislative purpose clause, the content of carbon neutrality schedule is suggested to state as "to promote the implementation of national carbon neutrality strategy and to promote international climate governance cooperation". In the special clauses, a specific and clear relative short-term carbon neutrality schedule should be provided, phased carbon neutrality goals for medium and long-term carbon neutrality schedule should be designed, and the State Council should be authorized to refine and advance the carbon neutrality schedule during the phased period.

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马晶.碳中和时间表在应对气候变化基本法中的规范表达[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2024,30(4):225-236. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. fx.2024.01.004

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-13
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