碳中和时间表在应对气候变化基本法中的规范表达
作者:
作者单位:

西南大学 法学院, 重庆 400715

中图分类号:

D922.68

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金一般项目"基于协同论的碳中和专项立法研究"(22BFX202)


Normative expression of carbon neutrality schedule in climate change basic law
Author:
Affiliation:

School of Law, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China

  • 摘要
  • | |
  • 访问统计
  • |
  • 参考文献 [36]
  • |
  • 相似文献 [20]
  • | | |
  • 文章评论
    摘要:

    我国当前的碳中和工作主要在政策道路上推进, 相关立法还不完善, 特别是缺乏明确的碳中和时间表使得有些地方在推进碳中和工作时出现了"碳冲锋""运动式减碳"现象, 既不利于积极稳妥推进碳中和目标实现, 也带来了生产生活上的不确定性。全国人大常委会提出要在"十四五"期间加强应对气候变化和碳达峰碳中和立法的研究与论证工作。碳中和时间表是管理碳中和工作进程、确保碳中和目标实现的有效方法, 大部分国家的碳中和立法都对其进行了规定。在我国"力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和"的时间框架下, 研究制定切实可行的碳中和时间表法律规范, 有利于推进应对气候变化和碳达峰碳中和立法工作进程, 更有利于提升碳中和相关立法的指向性和可实施性, 稳定社会生产生活预期, 提升我国在国际气候合作治理中的话语权。碳中和时间表法律规范的制定应立足我国产业结构、能源结构等基本国情, 结合国际气候合作治理需要, 以科学性与政策性相结合、国际性与国别性相结合、现时性与将来性相结合为设计基准, 通过《应对气候变化法》立法目的条款、碳中和时间表专项条款将我国碳中和工作进程纳入法治轨道, 充分发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的作用, 保障当下及将来世代人民群众的基本权利与自由。具言之, 《应对气候变化法》立法目的条款中, 碳中和时间表内容建议表述为"推动国家碳中和战略决策实现, 促进国际气候治理合作"。专项条款设置上, 一方面应规定具体明确的相对近期碳中和时间表, 另一方面就中长期碳中和时间进程应确定特殊时间节点设计阶段性目标, 并授权国务院负责阶段性期间内碳中和时间表的"细化"与"调高"。

    Abstract:

    The current carbon neutrality work in China is mainly promoted on a policy path, and the relevant legislation is not yet perfect, especially that the lack of a clear carbon neutrality schedule may lead to carbon charging and campaign style carbon reduction in some places. It is not conducive to actively and steadily achieving carbon neutrality goals, and may also bring uncertainty to production and life. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress proposed to strengthen research on climate change and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality legislation during the 14th Five Year Plan period. Carbon neutrality schedule is an effective method for managing the progress of carbon neutrality and ensuring the achievement of carbon neutrality goals, which is provided in most countries' carbon neutrality legislation. Under the schedule for "striving to achieve carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060" of China, studying and formulating practical and feasible carbon neutrality schedule legal norms is not only conducive to advancing the legislative process of climate change and carbon peak and carbon neutrality, but also conducive to enhancing the feasibility of carbon neutrality legislation, stabilizing social production and living expectations, and enhancing China's voice in international climate cooperative governance. The carbon neutrality schedule legal norms should be based on China's basic national conditions such as industrial structure and energy structure, combined with needs of international climate cooperative governance, and designed based on the combination of scientific and policy nature, international and national nature, and current and future nature. Through the legislative purpose clause and special clauses on carbon neutrality schedule of the Climate Change Law, the process of China's carbon neutrality work should be incorporated into the track of the rule of law, to give full play to the role of the rule of law in solidifying foundation, stabilizing expectations, and promoting long-term benefits, and safeguarding the basic rights and freedoms of the present and future generations of the people. Specifically, in the legislative purpose clause, the content of carbon neutrality schedule is suggested to state as "to promote the implementation of national carbon neutrality strategy and to promote international climate governance cooperation". In the special clauses, a specific and clear relative short-term carbon neutrality schedule should be provided, phased carbon neutrality goals for medium and long-term carbon neutrality schedule should be designed, and the State Council should be authorized to refine and advance the carbon neutrality schedule during the phased period.

    参考文献
    [1] 中国落实国家自主贡献成效和新目标新举措[EB/OL]. (2021-11-10). http://www.ncsc.org.cn/zt/2021_COP/202111/P020211110590484647110.pdf.
    [2] 薛进军, 郭琳. 科学认识气候变化, 合理制定碳达峰碳中和的路线图和时间表[J]. 华中科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2022(5): 38-45.
    [3] 习近平. 推进生态文明建设需要处理好几个重大关系[J]. 求是, 2023(22): 4-7.
    [4] 柳华文. "双碳"目标及其实施的国际法解读[J]. 北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2022(2): 13-22.
    [5] 王操. 碳中和立法: 何以可能与何以可为[J]. 东方法学, 2022(6): 185-198.
    [6] 余耀军. "双碳"目标下中国气候变化立法的双阶体系构造[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2022(1): 89-96.
    [7] 陈贻健. 《巴黎协定》下国家自主贡献的双重义务模式[J]. 法学研究, 2023(5): 206-224.
    [8] 王江. 论碳达峰碳中和行动的法制框架[J]. 东方法学, 2021(5): 122-134.
    [9] 田时雨. 以系统观念推进碳达峰碳中和法治化[J]. 中共中央党校(国家行政学院)学报, 2023(3): 69-78.
    [10] 常纪文, 田丹宇. 应对气候变化法的立法探究[J]. 中国环境管理, 2021(2): 16-19.
    [11] 李猛. "双碳"目标背景下完善我国碳中和立法的理论基础与实现路径[J]. 社会科学研究, 2021(6): 90-101.
    [12] 刘志仁. 论"双碳"背景下中国碳排放管理的法治化路径[J]. 法律科学, 2022(3): 94-104.
    [13] 曹明德. 社会系统论视角下实现碳达峰碳中和目标的法律对策[J]. 中国法学, 2023(5): 128-148.
    [14] 熊选国. 论全面依法治国的战略地位和作用[J]. 中国法学, 2023(2): 5-24.
    [15] 马吉. 工商业与人权的气候变化之维: 形成中的"气候尽责"概念[J]. 李卓伦, 译. 人权, 2022(4): 138-166.
    [16] 郑军, 刘婷. 主要发达国家碳达峰碳中和的实践经验及对中国的启示[J]. 中国环境管理, 2023(4): 18-25, 43.
    [17] 古特雷斯: 中国是《巴黎协定》中重要一环[EB/OL]. (2020-12-12). https://m.news.cctv.com/2020/12/12/ARTI0tHdu2N4GiJeomaKJ1sd201212.shtml.
    [18] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate change 2021: The physicalscience basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[R]. Cambridge University Press, 2021.
    [19] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Global warming of 1.5℃. An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty[R]. Cambridge University Press, 2018.
    [20] EIFERT M, VON LANDENBERG-ROBERG M. Climate change challenges constitutional law: Contextualising the German Federal Constitutional Courts climate jurisprudence within climate constitutionalism[G]//BAUMLER J, BINDER C, BUNGENBERG M, et al. European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2022. Cham: Springer, 2022.
    [21] EDENHOFER O, FLACHSLAND C, JAKOB M, et al. The atmosphere as a global commons[M]//BERNARD L, SEMMLER W. The Oxford handbook of the macroeconomics of global warming. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
    [22] FRANZIUS C. Die Rolle von Gerichten im Klimaschutzrecht[M]//RODI M. Handbuch Klimaschutzrecht. München: C.H. Beck, 2021.
    [23] 韩大元. 民法典编纂要体现宪法精神[J]. 国家检察官学院学报, 2016(6): 3-10, 169.
    [24] 吕忠梅. 寻找长江流域立法的新法理[J]. 政法论丛, 2018(6): 67-80.
    [25] 孔祥俊. 法律解释与适用方法[M]. 北京: 中国法制出版社, 2017.
    [26] 刘风景. 立法目的条款之法理基础及表述技术[J]. 法商研究, 2013(3): 48-57.
    [27] 秦天宝. 整体系统观下实现碳达峰碳中和目标的法治保障[J]. 法律科学, 2022(2): 101-112.
    [28] 杨铜铜. 论立法起草者的角色定位与塑造[J]. 河北法学, 2020(6): 34-50.
    [29] 田聿申. 全球典型国家碳中和目标实现路径对我国的启示[J]. 中国能源, 2021(9): 80-88.
    [30] 秦大河. 气候变化科学概论[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018.
    [31] 黄卫. 作为司法审查方法的法律保留原则[J]. 法律方法, 2019(1): 254-262.
    [32] 赵宏. 限制的限制: 德国基本权利限制模式的内在机理[J]. 法学家, 2011(2): 152-166, 180.
    [33] 莫纪宏. 新立法法视角下宪法保留原则的特征及其规范功能[J]. 政法论坛, 2023(5): 63-72.
    [34] 金自宁. 风险规制与行政法治[J]. 法制与社会发展, 2012(4): 60-71.
    [35] 顾小峰. 环境诉讼"科学上的不确定性因素"[J]. 法学, 1991(6): 40-41.
    [36] RAVETZ J. Three types of risk assessment and the emergence of post-normal science[J]. Social Theories of Risk, 1992: 251-273.
    引证文献
引用本文

马晶.碳中和时间表在应对气候变化基本法中的规范表达[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2024,30(4):225-236. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. fx.2024.01.004

复制
分享
文章指标
  • 点击次数:176
  • 下载次数: 408
  • HTML阅读次数: 357
  • 引用次数: 0
历史
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-13
文章二维码