中国古代医史文献中杏与健康问题新探——杏林文化的生态学解释
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A new exploration of apricots and health issues in ancient Chinese medical history literatures: Ecological explanation of Xinglin culture
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    摘要:

    杏是我国一味传统中药,本研究从杏及其生长环境特点、药用价值的发现及应用、杏林文化的起源与发展、杏林文化所反映的多重关系来探讨中国古代医史文献中杏与健康问题,从历史的生态学角度来分析杏林文化。杏在我国种植历史悠久、分布范围广泛、栽培技术较高、种类和品种繁多,这为杏在中医学上的应用提供了基础。中国古代医史文献中有大量关于杏的药用价值发现及应用的记载,先民对于杏的产地、四气五味、毒性、药用部位及其主治、炮制等的认识不断提高。杏的药用历史悠久,延续至今。早在先秦时期,杏在以呼吸系统疾病为主的诸多疾病的急救医疗上已有应用,后来杏广泛应用于外感疾病的医治,乃至在当今国家公布的古代经典名方中,杏仍有较高的参与度。杏发展为杏林文化,有着悠久的历史传承与演进。东晋医学家葛洪的《神仙传》中的杏林典故,让杏林成为中国传统医学的代称,成就了杏林文化,其核心是对医者高超医术和高尚医德的赞颂。在历史发展中,杏林文化内涵与时俱进,不断丰富,孙思邈倡导的大医精诚精神丰富了杏林文化,青蒿素精神是杏林文化在新时代的体现。杏林文化展现了以人与自然和谐为基础的人与人、人与社会和谐相处的生态文化智慧,蕴含着传统中医学传承与发展的精髓,彰显了中华民族的美德。杏林文化是以中医药为核心,具有丰富内涵的一种独特的和谐生态文化。

    Abstract:

    Apricot is a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, apricot and health problems in ancient Chinese medical history are discussed from the perspectives of apricot and its growing environment, the discovery and application of its medicinal value, the origin and development of Xinglin culture, and the reflection of apricot culture. This paper analyzes the Xinglin culture from the angle of historical ecology. Apricot has a long history of cultivation in China, characterized by wide distribution, advanced cultivation techniques, and diverse types and varieties. The discovery and application of apricots were extensively recorded by ancient Chinese medical literature. Over time, the understanding of apricots regarding their origin, four properties and five flavors, toxicity, medicinal parts and their indications, and processing methods has continuously evolved. The medicinal use of apricots has a long history and continues to this day. As early as the pre-Qin period, apricots were used in emergency treatments for various diseases, primarily respiratory ailments, and later for external diseases as well. Even in the ancient classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine published in China today, apricots still have a high participation. Apricots have developed into a cultural symbol known as Xinglin culture, with a long history of inheritance and evolution. The allusion to Xinglin in The Tales of Immortals by Ge Hong, a medical scientist of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has made Xinglin a synonym for traditional Chinese medicine, contributing significantly to Xinglin culture. Its core is the praise of the doctor’s superb medical skills and noble medical ethics. Throughout history, the connotation of Xinglin culture keeps pace with the times and is constantly enriched. The spirit of Great Medical Sincerity advocated by Sun Simiao has further enriched Xinglin culture, and the spirit of artemisinin is its embodiment in the new era. Apricots and their associated culture demonstrate the ecological and cultural wisdom of harmonious coexistence among people, and between humans and society, rooted in the harmony between humans and nature. This culture encapsulates the essence of the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine and highlights the virtues of the Chinese nation. Xinglin culture is a unique and harmonious ecological culture with traditional Chinese medicine as the core and rich connotation.

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石雪芹.中国古代医史文献中杏与健康问题新探——杏林文化的生态学解释[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2024,30(5):170-182. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. rw.2024.09.002

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