The deep integration of green transformation with technological and industrial systems can lay a solid foundation for technological innovation and industrial transformation of new quality productive forces, and systematically promote the dynamic and directional changes in the development of new quality productive forces. Through green M&A, enterprises can effectively promote the implementation of green transformation. This study uses data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2015 to 2022 to analyze the impact of green M&A on new quality productive forces of enterprises, and proposes policy recommendations. Research has found that green M&A can significantly enhance new quality productive forces of enterprises. Mechanism analysis shows that government subsidies play a positive regulatory role in the positive correlation between green M&A and new quality productive forces. Corporate green M&A contributes to the growth of new quality productive forces by reducing managerial myopia and boosting R&D. Through an analysis of the heterogeneity between the external regional characteristics and the internal self-characteristics of enterprises, it has been discovered that the higher the levels of economic development and environmental regulation in the region where an enterprise is located, the more conducive it is for green M&A to drive the development of new quality productive forces. For enterprises in high polluting industries, capital-intensive and labor-intensive enterprises, and high environmental investment enterprises, the promoting effect is more significant. In further analysis, new quality productive forces is refined into new quality workers, new quality labor objects, and new quality labor materials. Green M&A is positively correlated with new quality workers and new quality labor materials, and have a lagging impact on new quality labor objects. Based on this, this article proposes countermeasures and suggestions for enterprises to further promote green M&A and enhance new quality productive forces. The government should formulate more clear and encouraging policies to promote green M&A by enterprises, optimize government subsidy mechanisms, and improve subsidy efficiency and effectiveness. We should attach great importance to the cultivation and guidance of new quality workers, and enterprises and governments need to work together to promote the cultivation of high skilled green labor forces; Promote regional differentiated development according to local conditions, encourage cross regional cooperation among enterprises, share resources and technologies, and achieve synergistic effects of green M&A; Strengthen the post-merger integration capability of enterprises, optimize resource allocation, promote the construction of green supply chains, and continuously enhance the new quality productivity of enterprises.