新中国高校政治辅导处的历史考察(1952—1957)
作者:
作者单位:

中国人民大学 中共党史党建学院,北京 100872

中图分类号:

K27

基金项目:

全国红色基因传承研究中心2024年度重点课题“红色文化涵养高校思政课程建设研究”(24ZXHYZ05)


A historical study of the political guidance office in Chinese universities (1952-1957)
Author:
Affiliation:

School of Chinese Communist Party History and Party Building, Renmin University of China, Beijing100872, P R China

  • 摘要
  • | |
  • 访问统计
  • |
  • 参考文献
  • |
  • 相似文献
  • |
  • 引证文献
  • | |
  • 文章评论
    摘要:

    政治辅导处是1952年至1957年期间高等学校设立的具有过渡性质的政治工作机构,充分展现了中国共产党建设新型社会主义大学的组织建设和制度探索。新中国成立后,为实现改革旧教育、建设新教育的目标,必须加强对高校的政治思想领导。在高校中党员干部配备不足、党组织基础不健全和制度建设有待推进的形势下,高校采用重点试行、逐步推广的方式设立政治辅导处,建立政治工作制度。政治辅导处在实践探索中渐具“党政合一”的组织属性,既是学校党委的办公机关,同时又是学校行政组织的一部分,在党委和校长双重领导下进行工作。政治辅导处下设组织科、宣传科、青年科、群众工作科等工作机构,配备领导干部和政治辅导员队伍,形成相应工作制度,发挥政治思想工作专责机构的独特作用。作为过渡性机构,政治辅导处的制度设计表现出统一性与灵活性相结合的特征,为各高校提供因地制宜、因校施策的发展空间。在职权行使上,政治辅导处的工作对象面向全校教职员工和学生,围绕师生政治思想工作主要承担四项职责任务:组织开展全校政治理论学习和社会活动;了解和反映师生思想情况以推动落实各项教育改革措施;将政治工作与教学工作相结合,保证学校完成教育计划;通过鉴定师生政治思想为教师发展和学生培养提供参考。在实践运行中,政治辅导处日益显露出组织定位不明、与其他党政机构分工不清、干部工作经验和业务能力不足等突出问题。随着高校党的干部条件和组织基础的加强,党组织具备公开出面进行政治思想工作的条件后,1957年后政治辅导处逐渐退出历史舞台。其工作职责改由高校党委履行,原有工作人员大部分转归高校党委,使高校党委更加建立健全,为进一步发挥党的领导作用、建立党委制奠定了组织基础。政治辅导处纾解了新中国成立初期高校党的政治工作领导薄弱的困境,为建立一套过渡时期的政治工作制度、确立高校党组织的领导地位、构建以高校党委制为核心的中国特色高等教育领导制度和管理体制发挥重要作用,并留下宝贵历史经验和制度遗产。

    Abstract:

    The political guidance office was a transitional political work organization established in universities from 1952 to 1957, which fully demonstrated the organizational construction and institutional exploration of the Communist Party of China in building new socialist universities. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to achieve the goal of replacing old education with new education, the political and ideological leadership in universities must be strengthened. Under the situation of insufficient Party members and cadres in universities, unsound Party building foundation and system construction to be promoted, universities adopted the way of trial and gradual promotion to set up political guidance offices, establishing the system of political work. In practice and exploration, political guidance office gradually took on the organizational attribute of Party-government integration. It was not only the office of the Party committee, but also a part of the administrative organization of the school, working under the dual leadership of the Party committee and the president. Under the political guidance office were the organization section, the propaganda section, the youth section, the mass work section and other working sections. Universities provided the political guidance office with leading cadres and political counselors, formed the corresponding working system, and gave full play to the role of being exclusively responsible for political and ideological work. As a transitional institution, the system design showed the characteristic of the combination of unity and flexibility, which provided development space for universities to adjust measures according to the actual situation. The political guidance office targeted all the faculty and students in the school, and mainly undertook four tasks around the political and ideological work: to organize and carry out political theory study and social activities, to understand and reflect the ideological situation of teachers and students to promote educational reform, to combine political work with teaching work to ensure the completion of the education plan, to assess the political and ideological situation of teachers and students to provide reference for teacher development and student training. In practice, problems of the political guidance offices such as ambiguous organizational positioning, unclear division of work with other institutions, and insufficient work experience and professional ability of cadres were increasingly showing. With the strengthening of the Party's cadre and Party-building foundation in universities, the Party organization can carry out political and ideological work. After 1957, the political guidance office gradually withdrew from universities. Its work responsibilities and staff have been transferred to the Party committees of universities, making the Party committees of universities more robust. This has laid the organizational foundation for further exerting the Party's leading role and establishing the Party committee system. The political guidance office relieved the plight of the Party's weak leadership in political work in universities in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. It played an important role in building the political work system in the transitional period, establishing the leading position of the Party organization in universities, and constructing the leading and management system of higher education with Chinese characteristics, which taking the Party committee system as the core. In addition, the political guidance office left behind valuable historical experience and institutional heritage.

    参考文献
    相似文献
    引证文献
引用本文

吴娇,耿化敏.新中国高校政治辅导处的历史考察(1952—1957)[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2025,31(2):188-200. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. rw.2025.03.001

复制
相关视频

分享
文章指标
  • 点击次数:
  • 下载次数:
  • HTML阅读次数:
  • 引用次数:
历史
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-05-29
文章二维码