区块链向度下盗窃数字货币行为的刑法审视:实证解读与逻辑定位——基于2014—2024年38份刑事判决书的考察
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作者单位:

西南石油大学 法学院,四川 成都 610500

作者简介:

王德政,西南石油大学法学院讲师,法学博士,Email:182402257@qq.com。

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中图分类号:

D923.4

基金项目:

司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“人工智能时代自动驾驶汽车涉及的刑法问题研究”(21SFB4036)


The scrutinize about criminal law of stealing digital currency in the perspective of blockchain: Empirical interpretation and logical orientation Based on the investigation of 38 Chinese criminal judicial verdicts from 2014 to 2024
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Law School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China

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    摘要:

    通过考察我国法院作出的关于盗窃数字货币案件的刑事判决书,不仅可发现我国盗窃数字货币案件的特点并由此可得出许多对司法实践有用的启示,还可发现我国法院对于盗窃数字货币行为以盗窃罪定性的占一半比例,紧随其后的是非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪,想象竞合犯和破坏计算机信息系统罪仅属极为小众的定性结论。在我国法院的实践中,盗窃数字货币的行为定性呈现出极为不同的现象,衍生出在刑法理论上对该问题进行深入研究的必要性。数字货币是一种作为财产性利益的数据。应将数字货币这种无体物纳入所有权的对象,盗窃罪的行为客体“财物”由此包含数字货币。数字货币属于限定违禁品,如果盗窃数字货币行为构成盗窃罪或含盗窃罪的数罪,应对行为人从宽处罚。在司法实践中处理盗窃数字货币案件时应先排除假性盗窃数字货币案件。如果行为人实施的是针对“矿机”和电力的盗窃行为,以及利用自己和他人的计算机制造数字货币的“挖矿”行为,这类案件并非真正的盗窃数字货币案件,对前者情形应回到盗窃普通财物的轨道进行处理,对后者情形应判断非法侵入计算机信息系统罪和非法控制计算机信息系统罪是否成立。再分别审查盗窃数字货币行为是否构成盗窃罪和非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪,审查的重点是该行为是否满足盗窃罪中数额较大的要求和非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪中情节恶劣的要求。如果行为人的行为不满足数额较大的要求但满足情节恶劣的要求,则构成非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪。如果行为人的行为不满足情节恶劣的要求但满足数额较大的要求,则构成盗窃罪。如果上述要求均不满足,行为人的行为不构成二罪。如果行为人的盗窃数字货币行为同时构成盗窃罪和非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪,二罪的关系为想象竞合犯,该行为应被认定为盗窃罪。另外还应审查行为人除了实施盗窃数字货币行为,是否还伴随、独立地实施了非法侵入计算机信息系统行为和非法控制计算机信息系统行为,如果实施了上述行为,应将行为人的整体行为认定为盗窃罪、非法侵入计算机信息系统罪、非法控制计算机信息系统罪并进行数罪并罚。

    Abstract:

    By investigating the criminal judgments about the cases of stealing digital currency made by Chinese courts, not only can be found that the characteristics of the cases of stealing digital currency in China and many useful revelations for the judicial practice, can also be found that the proportion that Chinese courts consider the conduct of stealing digital currency as the crime of stealing is a half, the followed is the crime of illegally obtaining data of computer information system. Imaginative joinder of offences and the crime of destroying computer information system are very rare conclusions. The phenomenon that the conclusions of judging the conduct of stealing digital currency are very different with each other in the trial practice of Chinese courts results in the necessity of in-depth research on this issue in the theory of criminal law. Digital currency as a property benefit is a kind of data. Digital currency as incorporeal things should be included as the object of ownership. The conduct object of the crime of stealing “property” consequently includes digital currency. Digital currency is a restricted contraband. If the conduct of stealing of digital currency constitutes the crime of stealing or several crimes including this crime, the conductor should be given a lenient punishment. In judicial practice, we should firstly exclude pseudo cases of stealing digital currency. If the conductor implemented the conduct of “mining machines” and electricity, as well as the conduct of “mining” through using his or others’computers to create digital currency, such cases are not real cases of digital currency, and the former case should be returned to the track of stealing ordinary property. In the latter case, we should judge whether the crime of illegally invading into computer information system and the crime of illegally controlling computer information system are established. Then we should examine whether the conduct of stealing digital currency constitutes the crime of stealing and the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data. The focus of the examination is whether the conduct of conductor meets the requirement of large amount in the crime of stealing and bad circumstances in the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data. If the conduct of conductor does not meet the requirement of large amount but meet the requirement of bad circumstances, it constitutes the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data. If the conduct of the conductor does not meet the requirement of bad circumstances but meet the requirement of large amount, it constitutes the crime of stealing. If the above requirements are not met, the conduct of the conductor does not constitute the two crimes. If the conduct of stealing digital currency of the conductor constitutes the crime of stealing and the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data at the same time, the relationship between the two crimes is imaginative joinder of offences, and his conduct should be judged as the crime of stealing. In addition, we should also examine whether the conductor concomitantly and independently implemented the conduct of illegally invading into computer information system and the conduct of illegally controlling computer information system beside the conduct of stealing digital currency, if the above conducts are implemented, the whole conducts of the conductor should be considered as the crime of stealing, the crime of illegally invading into computer information system and the crime of illegally controlling computer information system, and the conductor should be given concurrent punishment for these several crimes.

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王德政.区块链向度下盗窃数字货币行为的刑法审视:实证解读与逻辑定位——基于2014—2024年38份刑事判决书的考察[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2025,31(3):257-271. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. fx.2025.05.003

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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-07-15
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