The Chinese path to modernization is a comprehensive development road in which the CPC has led the people to make theoretical innovations and practical breakthroughs in the course of a hundred years of arduous exploration based on the position of the times and in keeping with the times. The originality of the Chinese path to modernization fully demonstrates its theoretical consciousness of the Marxist political economy in terms of political principles, theoretical sublimation and value objectives, and profoundly embodies the rich expression of the Marxist political economy theory of modernization. Compared with the Western modernization, the Chinese path to modernization scientifically applies the theories and methods of Marxist political economy to realize the leapfrog development of social productive forces, the modern construction of social production relations, and the coordinated development of the two reconciliations, reflecting the practical transcendence of Marxist political economy. It has also highlighted the logical interest of Marxist political economy in constructing a holistic civilization, transcending the capital-centrism and breaking the Western monism. On the new journey, profoundly grasping Marxist political economy holds significant and far-reaching theoretical and practical significance for constructing the theoretical system of the Chinese path to modernization, enriching and developing socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics, and unswervingly following the Chinese path to modernization.