Industrial standardization is an important part of industrialization and the result of large-scale production and scientific management. Before the War Against Japanese Aggression, influenced by the export of Western powers to China, China’s industrial materials came from many countries, so industrial standards were different. During the War Against Japanese Aggression, the Chinese people realized that industrial standards played an important role in industrial development. They could save manpower, material and financial resources, improve work efficiency, facilitate division of labor and cooperation in mass production and industrial mobilization, and promote industrial popularization, thereby improving the level of industrialization. The National Government considered the issue of industrial standardization from the perspective of promoting post-war industrial construction. Its purpose was to facilitate the unification of standards for importing foreign machinery and equipment; export agricultural and mineral products to foreign countries according to certain standards, improve the international credit of export commodities; and integrate the national defense industry with the people’s livelihood industry. Before and after the victory of the War Against Japanese Aggression, the National Government actively participated in international standardization affairs. The most important event was its participation in the establishment of the United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its strategy was to require countries to retain their autonomy in the formulation of industrial standards so that industrially backward countries could protect their own immature industries and avoid China becoming a vassal of the US economy after the war. Given that China is an agricultural country, the National Government advocated that ISO should set up more technical committees for agricultural product standards, tried to set up five subcommittee secretariats in China, and suggested the establishment of a tea subcommittee. In general, before and after the victory of the War Against Japanese Aggression, the National Government and people in the industrial and scientific communities spared no effort to promote China’s industrial standardization. On the one hand, stimulated by nationalism, they hoped to use industrial standardization to directly learn from the experience of industrially advanced countries, use the latest technology for mass production, and catch up with industrially advanced countries in the shortest time. On the other hand, China’s industrial standardization movement was in line with the planned economic thought of the 1940s. By formulating industrial standards, it was possible to achieve cooperation among various departments, which would help to carry out planned industrial construction after the war. However, due to the civil war launched by the Kuomintang after the war, severe inflation, unstable political and economic situation, and slow recovery of international trade, China’s industry failed to develop rapidly and industrial standardization was difficult to implement smoothly.