Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is a rigorous logical system formed with the people as the main body, the Marxist view of ecology as the theoretical kernel, the promotion of overall productivity development as the driving force, and institutional construction as the guarantee. Specifically, Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is people-oriented rather than ecology-oriented, and is based on the vast majority of people rather than the minority, emphasizing that the key to ecological civilization construction lies in people. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization takes the Marxist ecological view as the theoretical kernel, which is a highly condensed and vivid expression of the Marxist ecological view, focusing on nature without neglecting human beings, and embodying the dialectical unity of human beings and nature, so that the extreme either-or antagonism between absolute anthropocentrism and eco-centrism can be theoretically and truly overcome, and the contradiction between human society development and the natural environment can be truly and realistically viewed. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is driven by the promotion of the overall development of productive forces, advocating that protecting the ecological environment is protecting productive forces, and improving the ecological environment is developing productive forces, as well as that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. It calls for strengthening ecological protection and restoration as well as accelerating scientific and technological innovation, the ecologicalization of industries, and the industrialization of ecology. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is guaranteed by system construction, and attaches great importance to the construction and reform of the property rights system for natural resources, the management system for ecological environmental protection, and the performance assessment and evaluation system for leading cadres, so as to continuously improve the ecological civilization system. The report of the 20th CPC National Congress pointed out that Chinese modernization is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, and the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee emphasized the need to focus on the construction of a beautiful China, deepen the reform of the ecological civilization system, and promote the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature. Elucidating the internal logic of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is not only a prerequisite for deeply understanding and grasping Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization and an intrinsic requirement for promoting the development of the thought itself, but also an urgent need to better promote the realization of Chinese modernization of harmony between humanity and nature.