《民营经济促进法》的政策基准法定位
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重庆大学 法学院,重庆 400044

作者简介:

靳文辉,重庆大学法学院教授,博士研究生导师,Email:emailjinwenhui@163.com
卢丹韵,重庆大学法学院博士研究生,Email:dylu615@163.com。

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中图分类号:

D912.29

基金项目:

重庆市社会科学规划项目成渝共建西部金融中心协同立法研究(2021ZDSC14)


On the positioning of the Private Sector Promotion Law as a policy benchmark law
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School of Law, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R.China

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    摘要:

    厘清《中华人民共和国民营经济促进法》的定位,不但有助于达成全社会对该法立法技术、内容安排和独特价值的普遍认同感,而且有利于执法、司法机关养成该法适用的正确思维。该法名义上采取了促进型立法的形式,但并未像我国针对亟须扶持的行业或领域以及处于弱势地位的中小微企业制定和实施的促进型法那样,重点作出倾斜性赋权和保障的规范来达到促进这些行业或领域以及中小微企业发展的目的,而是主要采取“软法”的规范形式对党和国家促进民营经济发展壮大的政策加以宣示,并在《中华人民共和国宪法》的统率下对民营经济领域的既有法律法规和政策作出统合性规定。这种立法体例,一方面适应了我国民营经济的行业或领域分布广泛、组织载体规模大小不一以及其他促进型法已经惠及民营经济等现状,契合了“各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护”这一党和国家促进民营经济发展壮大的初衷,顾及了民营经济发展的既有制度较为充分却又体系性、权威性不足的现实;另一方面该法呈现出明显的政策基准法底色。在我国既有法律、政策已为民营经济发展营造了必需的制度环境的情况下,《中华人民共和国民营经济促进法》被形塑为政策基准法,这既非徒劳之举,亦非制度供给过剩;相反,这种立法体例可以达成该法在中国特色社会主义法律体系中的独特功能。这些功能包括:将党和国家发展壮大民营经济的政策基准上升为政策基准法,为促进民营经济发展壮大提供具有统领性、稳定性和权威性的政策立场,发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的保障作用,提振民营经济组织和民营企业家积极致力于中国式现代化建设的信心;将党和国家促进民营经济发展的价值观念传导至具体法律适用场景且嵌入科层制行政框架之中,为民营经济领域的法律适用构建正式的、统一的、具有导向性的制度语境,进而进一步补强民营经济领域其他法律、政策实施的刚性保障。

    Abstract:

    Accurately positioning the Private Sector Promotion Law is essential for achiveing a shared understanding of its contextual framework and unique value, as well as fostering a proper mindset among law enforcement authorities. Despite adopting a promotional legislative form, this law does not follow the same approach as other promotional legislations that focus on empowering specific industries or disadvantaged small and medium-sized enterprises.Instead, it adopts a soft law approach, articulating the policies of the Party and the country that promote the development and growth of the private sector, while also under the guidance of the Constitution integrating existing applicable laws, regulations, and policy principles in the private economic domain. This legislative approach adapts to the the reality of the private sector, which spans across various industries with different sizes and forms, and acknowledges that, although other promotional legislations have already been in place, they remain fragmented and lack authority. It also aligns with the original intention of the Party and the country, which emphasizes that economic entities under all forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete in the market on an equal footing, and are protected by the law as equals. Most importantly, this legislative approach exhibits a distinct character as policy benchmark law. In a context where existing laws and policies have already provide necessary institutional environment for private sector development, this law is neither redundant nor excessive. Rather, it occupies a unique position within the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics. By elevating the Party and the country's policy into law, it establishes an overarching, stable, and authoritative standpoint for promoting the growth of the private sector, while also reinforcing the rule of law in consolidating foundations, stabilizing expectations, and delivering long-term benefits. This also enhances confidence of enterprises and entrepreneurs in the private sector's contribution to Chinese-style modernization. Additionally, by embedding these values into concrete contexts and bureaucratic administrative frameworks, the law constructs formal, unified, and guiding principles for legal application in the private sector, thereby strengthening guarantees for the overall promotion of the private sector.

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卢丹韵,靳文辉.《民营经济促进法》的政策基准法定位[J].重庆大学学报社会科学版,2025,31(5):218-230. DOI:10.11835/j. issn.1008-5831. fx.2025.05.001

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