The pursuit of fairness and justice is an inevitable requirement of guiding the cause of Chinese modernization with core socialist values. The process the CPC leads the people in upholding and developing Marxism through the two-integrations provides a broad historical and contemporary context for fostering the values of fairness and justice. History and practice have proven: in critiquing the maladies such as the lack of fairness and justice in old China, the Chinese people fostered a vision for a future modernization blueprint; in discerning the essence of false justice in Western modernization, they were inspired to deliberate on an ideal model of modernization; in exploring pathways to realize fairness and justice during socialist construction, they deepened their identification with their own modernization path; in advancing the practical reforms for fairness and justice in the new era, they have solidified the shared conviction in realizing national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization. Due to its distinctive Chinese characteristics, Chinese modernization has laid a theoretical foundation for promoting the values of fairness and justice. Modernization of a huge population embodies the fundamental stance of putting the people first in the values of fairness and justice; modernization of common prosperity for all defines the objective direction for solving the problem of formal justice in modernization; modernization harmonizing material and spiritual advancement breaks through the tendency toward reification dominated by capital logic, reflecting the dual dimensions of the values of fairness and justice; modernization of harmony between humanity and nature endows the values of fairness and justice with new norms of intergenerational equity and ecological justice, elevating fairness and justice to the height of the continuity of human civilization; modernization pursuing peaceful development resolves the modernization paradox that development and justice are difficult to achieve simultaneously. Meanwhile, in the dimensions of political leadership, development approach and global governance, the essential requirements of Chinese modernization clarify the practical direction for practicing the values of fairness and justice. Based on the continuous guidance of core socialist values, the fairness and justice characteristics of Chinese modernization are radiating unique brilliance in the evolution of world civilization, inaugurating a new chapter in adapting Marxist theories on fairness and justice to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.