New quality productivity is a new type of productivity that breaks through new technologies, allocates new elements, spawns new industries, creates new models, reshapes new drivers, and creates new values. As a multidimensional complex system composed of ecology, economy and society, forestry has played an important role in alleviating poverty and revitalizing rural areas, promoting the construction of an ecological civilization, and coping with climate change. However, due to multiple constraints such as business entities, forest ownership and resource endowments, the development of forestry still faces practical bottlenecks, including blocked innovation chains, unbalanced resource allocation and slow industrial upgrading, thus urgently requiring new driving forces to drive transformation. The development of new quality productivity is an internal requirement for solving the problems in high-quality development of forestry and is an important driving force for practicing the concept of “two mountains”, promoting the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and achieving the goal of Chinese modernization. Based on the existing relevant research results, this paper deconstructs the scientific connotation of the enabling role of new quality productivity in advancing forestry modernization from a four-dimensional framework of core-driven, subject composition, carrier form, and path realization, explores the basic logic and proposes development ideas. The paper suggests that new quality productivity drive the qualitative leap of forestry productivity in the process of forestry modernization through transmission mechanisms such as the revolutionary breakthrough of science and technology, the innovative allocation of production factors and the deep transformation and upgrading of industry. Combining the characteristics of China’s forestry development and comparing with traditional forestry productive forces, it can be found that: from the driving dimension, scientific and technological innovation is the core engine for enhancing new quality productivity, upgrading the forestry industrial structure, and promoting sustainable forestry development; From the subject dimension, high-quality talents, new digital and intelligent media, and sustainable innovative resources constitute the essential factor support for new forestry productivity; From the carrier dimension, emerging sectors such as forest breeding, forestry biotechnology, biomaterials, deep processing of forest products, biomass energy, and forest carbon sinks serve as the industrial basis for new forestry productivity; From the path dimension, green and low-carbon development is the fundamental principle for cultivating new forestry productivity. It can be seen from this that the formation of new quality productivity mainly depends on new quality production factors and their optimal combination, which promotes the transformation of the forestry production mode to biodiversity and friendly types, and drives the fundamental transformation of the forestry development concept, forestry development mode and forestry growth mode. To further develop new forestry productivity, it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, break through the key technical bottlenecks in ecological protection and restoration, forest cultivation and sustainable management, efficient utilization of forestry resources, and support for rural revitalization; focus on key areas such as economic forests, wood processing, forestry tourism, national reserve forest projects, seedlings and flowers, the bamboo industry, and forest health care to cultivate new industries, new formats and new models in forestry; optimize the allocation of factors and build the forestry data factor market from the aspects of improving the quality of factor supply, exploring factor confirmation mechanism, building factor circulation market and strengthening the supervision of factor transactions; pay attention to talent guidance and improve the forestry talent training system in the aspects of national strategic forestry talent reserves, the talent development system and mechanism reform, and the talent education and training mode.