Based on analyzing driving factors of regional carbon emissions change which is included of energy structure, energy emission intensity, energy efficiency and economic development factors, this paper sets up a decomposition analysis model of regional carbon emissions change by employing logarithmic mean weigh division index method (LMDI). Moreover, through a case study of Chongqing, it acquires data of energy, population, economy and other basic data of Chongqing from 1997 to 2009 to empirical study. Empirical evaluation shows that: carbon emissions and per capita carbon emissions in Chongqing present an obviously upward trend with time series, their evolution trends are very similar and both show two-phases (smooth evolution and rapid evolution) feature. In addition, factor analysis of carbon emission change shows that the contribution value to carbon emissions per capita of economic development factors is increasing year by year, and economic development factors are main factors of driving a rapid growth of carbon emissions in Chongqing. The inhibitory effect of energy efficiency factors on carbon emissions per capita is increasing gradually, which plays a greater inhibition role in carbon emissions per capita. However, the inhibitory effect of energy structure factors on carbon emissions per capita is not significant. Finally, some policy recommendations on controlling carbon emissions in Chongqing are put forward based on empirical analysis.