The problem of the social vulnerable groups is increasingly apparent and the trend is gradually aggravating at the era of social transformation. In recent years, government channels a large amount of human resource, money and facilities into the social vulnerable group and attains achievement to some extent. But overall government and people is not much optimistic about the situation. The paper analyzes the core subjects of Dworkin’s theory of equality and explains the features and causes of the social vulnerable groups. It also points out the fact that protection for vulnerable groups in China is deficiency of system design, resource distribution and though and expects to draw successful experience and theory to find the feasible strategies that address the plights of the social vulnerable group.