Economic structure is the key to decrypting the mystery of China’s regional economic growth and to seeking equitable growth. The coordination of economy and structure can explain China’s Growth Miracle, and the distortions of economic structure are the reason for China’s stepping into a low-growth era. This paper explores the fact features of regional economic practice and its logical mechanism, emphasizing that economic structure is the “underlying causes” of China regional economy growth; furthermore provincial boundaries are the appropriate spatial scale to study domestic regional economic growth, and factor allocation is the basement to shape China’s gradient development pattern. Therefore the issue of economic structure must be focused. The policy implications are that domestic regional economy should pursue equitable development from structure change.