As a systematic project, the premise of ethical concern for the vulnerable groups in society is to establish appropriate review perspective. A perspective of ethical concern is derived in this article, which is based on the social organs category, described in Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, by Karl Marx. And we attempt to combine Amartya Sen’s view on capability with the perspective to make a contemporary theoretical extension. On this basis, we focus on vulnerable groups in the transformation period of China based on the perspective, analyze the causes of the alienation of social organs of vulnerable groups by the combination method, and then propose pointedly several basic care initiatives. Finally, a path of ethical concern whose value point is to effectively extend the social organs of vulnerable groups is described.