In China, the problem of rural left-behind children is progressively severe, which is highly valued by the society. Through the combination of literature analysis and in-depth interviews, this paper reveals the outstanding problems of rural left-behind children, such as learning and growth, conduct education, mental health, and the reasons. On this basis, according to the theory of public governance, this paper puts forward the countermeasures of solving the problems of rural left-behind children from four aspects:government, school, society and family.