文章研究了碳排放信息不对称时低碳认证在绿色消费者市场中的作用和影响。在传统的消费者效用函数中增加了碳排放的负效用，推导出不同认证条件下的市场需求，给出利润最大化的企业参与认证的条件及定价的最优决策。在此基础上分析比较了无低碳认证、低碳达标认证和低碳精确认证三种情形下企业的价格、销量、利润以及期望排放量的差异。结果表明，低碳认证能够有效传递碳排放信息，从而增加消费者剩余和企业利润；在影响力和覆盖面占优的强认证效果情形下，低碳认证能够有效降低期望排放水平，否则低碳认证会增加期望排放水平；达标认证具有更大的灵活度，为了减少期望排放，认证机构在设置认证标准时应当在考虑低碳认证参与约束的前提下选择较宽的认证标准。

This paper studies the impact of low-carbon certification in a market with green consumers when the information of carbon emissions is asymmetric. The study explicitly models the negative utility of carbon emissions in the conventional utility function, and derives the demand function under different certification scenarios, and then optimizes the pricing decision. The conditions for getting certification are also specified. We compare the price, quantity sold, profit and expected emissions in the three scenarios:no certification, qualification-based certification and precise carbon footprint certification. The results show that low-carbon certification can effectively convey the information of emission levels, thus increase the consumers' surplus and the firm's profit. If the certification has enough influence and coverage, then the expected carbon emissions may decrease in the strong certification scenario. The qualification-based low-carbon certification is more adaptive. The certification granting organizations should set a less restrictive emission standard within the participation constraint for the objective to reduce expected carbon emissions.

国家自然科学基金项目（71401117）